Objective To investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate (SH) intra-articular injection on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA), andto compare the contents of free radicals and inflammatory factors in joint fluids of pre-and pro-treatment as to explore the treatment mechanism of SH. Methods Ninety-two patients (111 knees) with mild(51)，moderate(35) and serious(25) knee OA were treated with intra-articular injections of SH (20 mg once a week for 5 weeks). According to Lysholm scoring, clinical signs such aspain, swelling,and the ability to walk, squat, run, go upstairs and downstairs were assessed before and after the treatment, and the contents of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malonic dialdehyde(MDA) and IL-1β、TNF-α in joint fluids from the OA joints before 1st,2nd, and 5th injection and 3 months after each injection were observed. Results All cases were followed up for 3 months. The improvements in the signs and function of knees were excellent in 42 knees, good in 38 knees, fair in 21 knees and poor in 10 knees, with 72.1% excellent and good results. The lighter the illness was, the better the improvement was: the rate of the excellent and good was 92.1% in mild group, 68.6% in moderate group and 42.9% in serious group. The contents of oxygen free radicals and IL-1β、TNF-α of the patients with mild and moderate OA decreasedmarkedly after being treated with SH（Plt;0.05）, but these decreased lightlyin serious OA group（Pgt;0.05）. SH had mild effect on the contents of NO. Three months after treatment, only in mild OA group the contents of NO significantly decreased（Plt;0.05）, and no significant change in moderate and serious groups was observed（Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion SH intraarticular injection has a positive effect on the relief of clinical symptoms and on the improvement of articular function of knee OA. The therapeutical effect of SH on OA is achieved possibly by decreasing the contents of free radicals especially oxygen free radicals and inflammatory factors in joint fluids.
ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of COPD rats and the effects of tiotropium.To identify the anti-inflammatory function of tiotropium. MethodsRat COPD model was established by passive smoking as well as intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a COPD group and a tiotropium bromide treatment group (n=10 in each group).The pathologic changes of the lung tissue and airway were observed by HE staining.The total and differential cell counts in BALF were observed.The levels of IL-8, TNF-α, PLA2 in serum, BALF and lung tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsHE staining revealed that the rat COPD model was successfully established.The COPD group appeared obvious emphysema, while the treatment group appeared mild emphysema.The total inflammatory cells, the proportion of neutrophils and lymphocyte, and the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, PLA2 in serum, BALF and lung tissue in the COPD group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01).The total inflammatory cells, the proportion of neutrophils and lymphocyte, and the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, PLA2 in serum, BALF and lung tissue in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the COPD group but higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). ConclusionsTiotropium bromide can reduce the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, PLA2 in serum, BALF and lung tissue of COPD rats by reducing the leakage of inflammatory cells, and alleviate the airway inflammation and the degree of emphysema.
Objective To investigate the influence of proteasome inhibitorMG-132 on inflammatory factors in COPD rats and its potential mechanism. Methods The COPD rat model was established by instillation of lipopolysaccharide and exposure to cigarette smoke. Then the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups( n = 12 in each group) , ie. a COPD model group, a COPD + MG-132 low concentration group ( 0. 05 mg·kg- 1·d - 1 ) , a COPD + MG-132 high concentration group( 0. 1 mg· kg- 1 · d - 1 ) , and a normal control group. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with different dose of MG-132 or normal saline. After 1 week and 4 weeks, 6 rats in each group were sarcrificed. Then the following parameters were determined including histopathological changes of lung tissue, and the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 in serum and diaphragm via ELISA. Results The lung histopathological examination showed obvious emphysema and inflammatory infiltration in the COPD rats. These pathological changes were obviously ameliorated in two MG-132 treatment groups. The IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in serumand diaphragmin the COPD model group were all significantly increased from1 week and 4 week than those in the normal control group( P lt;0. 05) .MG-132 down-regulated the expression of these inflammatory factors in a time-and dosedependent manner. The IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in serum and diaphragm in the MG-132 low concentration group and high concentration group were all decreased compared with the COPD model group ( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusion COPD is a systemic inflammatory disease which can be inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 through suppressing inflammatory factors.
ObjectiveTo observe the relationship between the serum level changes of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-18, intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2), and the multiple factors of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). MethodsWe chose 76 patients with ACI treated between July 2012 and June 2014 as our study subjects.On the second day (acute phase) and the 15th day (recovery phase) after onset, we checked the patients for their serum levels of hsCRP, IL-18, ICAM1, MMP-9 and Lp-PLA2.Then, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to observe the correlation of the serum level change degree of inflammatory factors with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, smoking history, carotid atherosclerotic plaque, lipid levels, infarct size and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. ResultsThe changes of all the inflammatory factors in the acute phase and the recovery phase of cerebral infarction were not significantly related to smoking history, hypertension, coronary heart disease, low-density lipoprotein and NIHSS scores (P > 0.05).The changes of hsCRP and ICAM1 had significant correlation with cerebral infarct size, diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerotic plaque (P < 0.05), and the change level of Lp-PLA2 was related to diabetes mellitus, and carotid atherosclerotic plaque (P < 0.05).MMP-9 serum level change had correlation with only cerebral infarct size (P < 0.05). ConclusionsSerum level changes of inflammatory factors are related to various factors of cerebral infarction.The main factors that affecting the serum level changes are cerebral infarction area, diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis.
This study aims to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol against liver injury in hindlimb unloading rats. Thirty 2-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (Control), hindlimb unloading model group (Model), and hindlimb unloading+resveratrol administration group (Model+Res). The Model + Res group was injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg of resveratrol, and the Control and Model groups were injected intraperitoneally with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Liver tissues were collected after 28 days and analyzed for oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, energy metabolism indices, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, and morphological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT were detected by Western blotting. Compared with the Control group, hepatocytes in the Model group showed swelling, abnormal morphology, nuclear consolidation, and cell membrane disruption. Oxidative stress, inflammatory factor levels, hepatic glycogen accumulation, and energy metabolism were increased in the liver tissues of the Model group, while resveratrol treatment significantly reversed these changes. The results of Western blotting showed that resveratrol significantly reduced the expression of Bax and increased the expression levels of Bcl-2, and the proteins of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT expression levels. It is suggested that 28 days of hindlimb unloading treatment could lead to liver tissue injury in rats, which is manifested as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, energy metabolism disorder and increased apoptosis level, and resveratrol has a certain mitigating effect on this.
ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of nutritional status, serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-8 and C-reactive protein(CRP) in patients with two clinical phenotypes of COPD. MethodsNutritional parameters, including body mass index, percent ideal body weight, triceps skin-fold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference, albumin, lymphocytes count, serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-8 and CRP levels were determined in 40 healthy controls and 120 patients with COPD. The COPD patients were divided into a typical emphysema type(A group) and a bronchitis type(B group), both groups included COPD patients in acute exacerbation phase and in stable phase. ResultsThe nutritional parameters in B group were higher than those in A group(P < 0.05). Serum leptin level was lower in stable A group and stable B group than that in the control group[(7.76±2.93) ng/L and (10.04±5.11) ng/L vs. (14.93±8.47) ng/L, P < 0.05], higher in A group[(12.99±5.56) ng/L)] and B group in acute exacerbation phase[(13.52±5.82) ng/L] than that in stable phase(P < 0.05), and lower in stable A group than that in stable B group (P < 0.05). Serum TNF-αlevel was higher in A group with acute exacerbation than that in B group with acute exacerbation and the control group[(234.65±95.74)μg/L and(195.03±88.00)μg/L vs. (182.07±42.35)μg/L, P < 0.05], and higher in stable A group than that in stable B group[(225.31±84.14)μg/L vs. (188.17±72.62)μg/L, P < 0.05]. Serum IL-8 level in A and B groups in acute exacerbation phase and stable phase was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05), and was not significantly different between A group and B group in acute exacerbation or stable phase(P > 0.05). The CRP level was higher in A group and B group with acute exacerbation than that in the control group[(46.87±35.89) mg/L and(70.11±65.50) mg/L vs. (5.05±4.49) mg/L, P < 0.01], and higher in B group with acute exacerbation than that in A group with acute exacerbation (P < 0.05). ConclusionsThere are differences in nutritional status, serum leptin, TNF-αand CRP levels between the emphysema type and bronchitis type of COPD, while the IL-8 level is not different between two phenotypes. Leptin and TNF-αmay be involved in weight-loss of malnutritional COPD patients.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of segmentectomy versus lobectomy under single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery on inflammatory factors and immune cells in peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and to analyze the effect of changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on the prognosis of the patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 256 patients who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy under single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery for non-small cell lung cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected. According to the operation method, they were divided into a segmentectomy group (126 patients with 79 males and 47 females at an age of 63.4±6.2 years) and a lobectomy group (130 patients with 91 males and 39 females at an age of 62.9±5.6 years). The change of inflammatory factors (C reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α) and immune cells (CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and natural killer cells) were recorded and analyzed before operation (T0) and 1 day (T1), 3 days (T2), 7 days (T3), 1 month (T4) after the operation between the two groups. According to postoperative recurrence situations, they were divided into a recurrence group and a non-recurrence group, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the change of postoperative inflammatory factors, immune cells, and the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Results(1) There was no statistical difference in sex ratio, underlying diseases, body mass index, levels of preoperative inflammatory factors or immune cells between the two groups (all P>0.05). (2) The changes of postoperative inflammatory factors in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group at T1-T3 (all P<0.05), and the changes of postoperative immune cells in the segmentectomy group were significantly less than those in the lobectomy group at T1-T4 (all P<0.05). (3) The changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on postoperative day 3 in the recurrence group were significantly more than those in the non-recurrence group (all P<0.05). (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the changes of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells on postoperative day 3 may be the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (all P<0.05).ConclusionSingle utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer can reduce the inflammatory response and protect body's immune function, and the change of postoperative inflammatory factors and immune cells in postoperative day 3 may be the risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the influence of dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and serum inflammatory factors in elderly patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases from inception to April 2017, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about dexmedetomidine for early POCD in elderly patients. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 23 RCTs, including 2 026 patients were enrolled. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the incidence of POCD in the dexmedetomidine group was lower than that in the control group (the first day: RR=0.40, 95%CI 0.30 to 0.53, P<0.000 01; the third day: RR=0.33, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.48,P<0.000 01; the seventh day: RR=0.42, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.78,P=0.006). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the dexmedetomidine group significantly decreased the serum levels of TNF-α (immediately after operation: MD=–5.43, 95%CI –7.44 to –3.42, P<0.000 01; 1 h after operation: MD=–4.64, 95%CI –6.92 to –2.36,P<0.000 1; 24 h after operation: MD=–3.27, 95%CI –4.92 to –1.63,P<0.000 1) and IL-6 (immediately after operation: MD=–30.69, 95%CI –41.39 to –20.00,P<0.000 01; 1h after operation: MD=–20.84, 95%CI –28.87 to –12.80,P<0.000 01; 24 h after operation: MD=–13.42, 95%CI –19.90 to –6.94,P<0.000 1).ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that dexmedetomidine could relief early POCD in elderly patients, in which the reduction of serum inflammatory factors alleviate inflammation response may play a vital role. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality RCTs are required to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo explore the levels of serum leptin,TNF-α,IL-8 and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in stable COPD patients with different body mass index (BMI). Methods30 healthy controls with BMI 18.5 to 23.9 kg/m2 and 105 patients with stable COPD were recruited in the study. The serum levels of leptin,TNF-α,and IL-8 were determined by radioimmunoassay and hs-CRP level was determined by versatile biochemical automatic analyzer. The COPD patients were divided into a low BMI group (BMI<18.5 kg/m2,n=32),a normal BMI group (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2,n=48),and a high BMI group (BMI≥23.9 kg/m2,n=25). ResultsSerum leptin level in the COPD patients was significantly reduced compared with the control subjects (P<0.05). Serum leptin levels were reduced in the low BMI and the high BMI groups compare with the normal BMI group [(7.89±3.16)ng/L and (10.52±5.98)ng/L vs. (13.04±5.73) ng/L,P<0.01 or P<0.05]. Leptin level in the low BMI group was lower than that in the high BMI group (P<0.05). Serum TNF-α levels were significantly increased in the low BMI group compared with the normal BMI and high BMI groups [(229.39±89.57)μg/L vs. (180.06±74.24) μg/L and (189.46±82.41) μg/L,P<0.01]. Serum TNF-α level in the COPD patients was significantly increased compared with the control subjects [(192.37±83.65) μg/L vs. (178.59±60.38) μg/L,P<0.05]. The IL-8 levels were not significant different among three BMI groups with COPD. The hs-CRP level in the high BMI group was higher than that in the low BMI and normal BMI groups (P<0.05). ConclusionLeptin and TNF-α may be involved in weight-loss of COPD malnutritional patients.
ObjectiveThis study applied Mendelian randomization to explore the potential causal relationship between inflammatory factors and diabetic nephropathy. MethodsSummary-level data from genome-wide association studies of inflammatory factors and diabetic nephropathy were used, and inverse variance weighted analysis was used as the primary analytical method, complemented by results from weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple model, and median model approaches. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the reliability of the MR analysis results. ResultsIn the inverse variance weighted method, stem cell factor (OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.58, P=0.020) and interferon-γ (OR=1.36, 95%CI 1.10 to 1.70, P=0.005) were positively correlated with diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy was positively correlated with interferon-inducible protein 10 (OR=0.90, 95%CI 0.83 to 0.98, P=0.012) were negatively correlated with diabetic nephropathy. Sensitivity analysis showed that MR analysis was reliable. ConclusionStem cell factors and interferon-γ are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy decreases the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 in vivo. Our results demonstrate a potential causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the development of diabetic nephropathy. This finding is of clinical significance for the pre-diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.