Objective To establish a method for primary culture of iris pigment epithelial cells(IPE). MethodsEnzyme-Assisted microdissection was used to isolate and cultivate the IPE cells.An identification was made with microscopic and immunohistochemical observations.Results IPE were successfully sultured and showed on differences with RPE in primary culture and subculture.ConclusionEnzyme-Assisted microdissection is a reliable and quick method for the isolation of IPE.
Objective lt;brgt;To investigate the feasibility of labeling iris pigment epithelial（IPE）cells of rabbits with 5（and 6）carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester（CFSE）. lt;brgt; lt;brgt;Methods lt;brgt;Enzyme-assisted microdissection was used to isolate the cultured rabbitprime;s IPE cells.The third or forth subcultured IPE cells were incubated with 2.5，5，10，20，and 40 mu;mol/L of CFSE for 1，5，and10min respectively.The fluorescence intensity was detected by flow cytometry，and the leakage of CFSE and its dyeing were observed by fluorescence antibody labeling. lt;brgt;Results lt;brgt;Incubation with 20 mu;mol/L CFSE under 37℃for1minute was the most optimal condition for IPE cells labeling.The coloration of IPE cells stained by CFSE lasted 4 weeks.There was no leakage of dye from labeled rabbit IPE cells to non-labeled human IPE cells in mixed culture process. lt;brgt; lt;brgt;Conclusion lt;brgt;With the advantages of high rate of dyeing，long time of tracing，safety and convenience，CFSE can be used as a new method to label the rabbitprime;s IPE cells. lt;brgt; lt;brgt;(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 261-264)
ObjectiveTo deeply explore the clinical features and gene mutations of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) by tested of the eyes and genes of three patients. MethodsA Case series study. From 2019 to 2021, 3 children with WS who were diagnosed at Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included in the study. Among them, there were 2 males and 1 female; the ages were 3, 4, and 12 months, respectively. All children underwent external eye, anterior segment, fundus and fluorescein fundus angiography, the clinical features of the eyes were observed. The peripheral venous blood of 3 children was collected, and the whole genome DNA was extracted for whole exome sequencing to analyze the gene mutation sites. ResultsAll children had different degrees of iris heterochromia and fundus pigment abnormalities, and were accompanied by sensorineural hearing impairment. Case 1 had dystopia canthorum; case 2 had macular fovea hypoplasia. The sequencing results of case 1 showed that there were large fragments of heterozygous deletion in exons 2-8 of the Paired box 3 (PAX3) gene, who was diagnosed as WS Ⅰ type. The sequencing results of of case 2 showed heterozygous mutation in exon 9 of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene (c.1066 C＞T), combined with heterozygous mutation in exon 1 of HPS6 gene (c.1417 G＞T), who was diagnosed as WS Ⅱ type. The sequencing result of case 3 showed that the exon 3 of SOX10 gene had loss of heterozygosity (c.497_500 delAAGA), who was diagnosed as WS Ⅳ type. Both PAX3 and SOX10 gene mutations were newly discovered mutations. ConclusionsThe ocular clinical features of Waardenburg syndrome include hypopigmentation of the iris and choroid, and dystopia canthorum, etc. Early screening of the eye and hearing will help to better diagnose the disease. The large fragments of heterozygous deletion in exons 2-8 of the PAX3 gene, the heterozygous mutation in exon 9 of MITF gene (c.1066 C＞T), and the loss of heterozygosity in exon 3 of SOX10 gene are pathogenic genetic variations of 3 children.
Objective To verify whetheriris pigment epithelial cells(IPECs)possess the similar potential of specific phagocytosis to retinal outer segments(ROS) with retinal pigment epithelialcells(RPECs). Methods IPESc were isolated from neonatal bovines with Hu's method,and were cultured.The cultured cells were identified by immunohistochemical methods with antibodies to cytokeratin and s-100.Total RNA of IPECs was extracted by Trizol.The specific primers for mannose-receptor andbeta;-actin were designed according to their sequence from Genbank.The mRNA expression of these proteins in the IPECs was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCT).Results The Cultured IPECs have no contamination of other cells .The extracted RNA was ideal and had no degradation.RT-PCR analysis showed that mannose-receptor's mRNA was expressed in cultured IPECs in vitro.ConclusionCultured IPECs may express the mannose-receptor,and may have similar potential of phagocytosis to ROS with REPCs.
ObjectiveTo explore the changes of serum irisin in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with sarcopenia.MethodsFrom January to June 2019, 56 MHD patients from Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were selected. Judging by the results of body composition analyzer, the MHD patients were divided into the sarcopenia group (n=31) and the non-sarcopenia group (n=25). The serum irisin level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The muscle cross-sectional area at the third lumbar level was measured by CT. SPSS 21.0 software was used for inter-group comparison, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.ResultsThe serum irisin concentration in the sarcopenia group was lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group [medium (lower quartile, upper quartile): 175.46 (126.00, 220.52) vs. 459.10 (233.83, 616.91) pg/mL; Z=−4.195, P<0.001]. The results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum irisin level was positively correlated with lean tissue index (rs=0.265, P=0.048), however negatively correlated with serum creatinine level (rs=−0.311, P=0.020). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that serum irisin level [odds ratio (OR)=0.957, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.925, 0.990), P=0.012], walking speed [OR=0.000, 95%CI (0.000, 0.050), P=0.031], and grip strength [OR=0.658, 95%CI (0.434, 0.997), P=0.048] were protective factors of sarcopenia in MHD patients.ConclusionsThe level of circulating irisin in MHD patients with sarcopenia is lower than that in MHD patients without sarcopenia. Irisin is a protective factor of sarcopenia in MHD patients.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a systemic inflammatory disease with limited treatment options. Irisin is a novel actin protein produced by skeletal muscle movement and exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects by participating in multiple signaling pathways. In recent years, the protective effect of irisin on AKI has attracted much attention, and its regulatory mechanism involves a complex network of signaling pathways, which can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit apoptosis, inhibit inflammation, and inhibit ferroptosis under pathological conditions. This pathway alleviates kidney injury by enhancing the metabolic reprogramming of tubular cells while attenuating fibrosis. Irisin is expected to be a new treatment option for AKI.
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with its primary risk factor arising from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to an imbalance between aqueous humor production and outflow. This study aims to establish quantitative correlations among IOP, iris mechanical properties, channel microstructures, and aqueous humor dynamics through three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis, overcoming the limitations of conventional experimental techniques in studying aqueous flow within the trabecular meshwork (TM) outflow pathway. A three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model incorporating the layered TM structure, Schlemm’s canal (SC), iris, and other anterior segment tissues was developed based on human ocular anatomy. FSI simulations were performed to quantify the effects of IOP variations and iris Young’s modulus on tissue morphology and aqueous humor dynamics parameters. The computational results demonstrated that axial iris deformation showed significant correlations with IOP and iris Young’s modulus. Although elevated IOP exhibited minimal effects on hydrodynamic parameters in the anterior and posterior chambers, it markedly suppressed aqueous flow velocity in the TM region. Additionally, wall shear stress in SC and collector channels displayed high sensitivity to IOP variations. These findings reveal that the tissue mechanics-FSI mechanism modulates outflow resistance by regulating aqueous humor dynamics, offering valuable references for developing clinical therapies targeting IOP reduction in glaucoma management.
Objective To observe the rate of iris vessels exposure and analyze its relevant factors in normal full-term neonates. Methods A retrospective study. 1855 normal full term neonates, including 947 boys and 908 girls, were enrolled. The mean gestational age (GA) was (38.84±1.10) weeks and mean birth weight (BW) was (3 396.52±402.08) g. There were 1235 neonates from normal term vaginal delivery, 402 cases of cesarean delivery and 218 cases of forceps delivery. All neonates were examined with hand-held portable slit lamp biomicroscopy within 1 to 3 days after birth by two trained ophthalmologist respectively. Iris vessels exposure was defined as radial red blood vessels along iris fibers. Infants were divided into iris vessels exposure group and iris vessels unexposed group according to the findings of slit lamp biomicroscopy. 78 infants with iris vessels exposure were followed up for 42 days after birth till the iris vessels can’t be seen under microscope. The differences between the two groups were compared for gender, mode of delivery (MOD), GA, BW and body length (BL). Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the factors related to iris vessels exposure. Results There were 298 neonates with iris vessels exposure among 1855 neonates and the rate was 16.1%. 1557 neonates (83.9%) had unexposed iris vessels. There were no different in gender (χ2=0.551) and MOD (χ2=3.036) between iris vessels exposure group and unexposed group (P>0.05), while the differences in GA (χ2=47.216), BW (t=4.603) and BL (t=3.936) between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only GA (β=−0.291, odds ratio=0.747, 95% confidence interval: 0.656 - 0.851, P=0.000) was correlated to iris vessels exposure significantly. The iris vessels couldn’t be seen in 77 of 78 infants with iris vessels exposure when followed up to 42 days. Conclusions The iris vessels exposure in normal full-term neonates is frequently observed. There is a significant inverse correlation between GA and iris vessels exposure.
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of iris-registration in wavefront-guided LASIK (IR+WG LASIK) versus conventional LASIK for correction of myopia accompanied with astigmatism. Methods Such databases as PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane library (Issue 2, 2012), CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WangFang Data were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs about IR+WG LASIK versus conventional LASIK for correction of myopia accompanied with astigmatism. The retrieval time was from inception to February 2012, and the language was in both Chinese and English. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Then the meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.1 software. Results A total of 9 studies involving 3 903 eyes were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the conventional LASIK group, the IR+WG LASIK group had a higher ratio in patients with postoperative uncorrected visual acuity no less than 1.0 (RR=1.03, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.05, P=0.002), as well as in patients with best-corrected visual acuity gained over 1 line (RR=1.75, 95%CI 1.49 to 2.16, Plt;0.000 01); it was smaller in the postoperative high order aberration RMS (WMD=−0.16, 95%CI −0.21 to −0.11, Plt;0.000 01), coma-like RMS (WMD=−0.05, 95%CI −0.11 to 0.00, P=0.07), spherical-like RMS (WMD=−0.15, 95%CI −0.23 to −0.07, P=0.000 2), and residual astigmatism (WMD=0.14, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.18, Plt;0.000 01); moreover, it was lower in the incidence of postoperative glare (RR=0.27, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.50, Plt;0.000 1), and it was higher in the subjective satisfaction of patients (RR=1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13, P=0.000 3). Conclusion Compared with conventional LASIK, IR+WG LASIK can more effectively reduce astigmatism, postoperative high order aberration RMS and spherical-like RMS. It can also get visual function including uncorrected visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity, consequently increase patient’s satisfaction. But further studies are still required for its long-term effect.
ObjectiveTo observe the incidence of diabetic iridopathy and optic disc neovascularization in the contralateral eyes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with proliferative diabetic iridopathy (PDI). MethodsA retrospective case-control study. From February 2014 to May 2020, 72 eyes of 36 patients with PDR and PDI who underwent iris fluorescein angiography (IFA) combined with fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) at the Henan Eye Institute were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were 34 eyes in 17 males and 38 eyes in 19 females; the average age was 62.3±4.7 years. All patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, IFA combined with FFA examination. The BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA for statistic analysis. According to PDI staging, patients were divided into early rubeosis iridis (RI) group and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) group, with 28 and 8 cases respectively. Compared with NVG group, RI group had better BCVA and intraocular pressure, and the difference was statistically significant (t=6.433, 10.619; P=0.000, 0.011). The incidence of PDI and the incidence of binocular optic disc neovascularization in the two groups were compared, and Fisher's exact probability method was used for comparison. ResultsThe results of the IFA examination showed that in the RI group, the pupil border and the iris surface of the iris of the affected eyes had strong neovascular bud-like or patchy fluorescence; the pupil border and the middle of the iris of the patients in the NVG stage had strong neovascular cluster-like fluorescence. Among the contralateral eyes in the RI group, 6 eyes (21.4%, 6/28) were with PDI (stage RI), 21 eyes (75.0%, 21/28) were with non-PDI (NPDI), and 1 eye (1/ 28, 3.6%) were absence of diabetic iris disease. Among the contralateral eyes in the NVG group, there were 5 eyes with PDI (62.5%, 5/8), including 4 eyes with RI stage, 1 eye with NVG stage (12.5%, 1/8); 3 eyes with NPDI. The image of IFA in patients with NPDI early showed as punctate fluorescence in the local small blood vessels of the iris itself. The incidence of PDI in the contralateral eye of the RI group was lower than that of the NVG group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.040). The results of FFA examination showed that 9 (32.1%, 9/28) and 8 (28.6%, 8/28) eyes of the affected eye and the contralateral eye in the RI group were combined with optic disc neovascularization. In NVG group, there were seperately 6 eyes (75.0%, 6/8) in the affected eyes and the contralateral eyes with optic disc neovascularization. The differences in the incidence of optic disc neovascularization between the two groups of the affected eyes and the contralateral eye were statistically significant (P=0.046, 0.040). ConclusionThe incidence of PDI and optic disc neovascularization in the contralateral eye of PDR and PDI, RI is lower than that of NVG.