Objective To review the recent research progress on relationshi p between subchondral bone and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA), and to predict future research directions. Methods Recent l iteratures about the pathological changes of subchondral bone in OA were reviewed and analyzed in terms of biomechanics, bone remodel ingand biological factors. Results Subchondral bone sclerosis or softening was the result of osteoarthritis and also closely related to the occurrence and development of OA. Inhibiting the bone metabol ism of subchondral bone could slow the degeneration of articular cartilage. Conclusion For the treatment of OA, it is necessary to pay close attention to cartilage changes and the prevention of subchondral bone degeneration.
The surgical treatment of pectus excavatum has a history of more than 100 years, which has gone through from traditional open surgery to the current popular minimally invasive surgery. Nuss procedure, as the most classic minimally invasive operation, has been improved in accordance with the clinical needs since its inception to achieve fewer complications and better results, but there are still limitations that are difficult to break through, attracting a large number of scholars to make continuous innovation and develop updated devices and operation methods. This article reviews the history of funnel chest surgery, application and improvement of Nuss operation, double compression and complete fixation bar system and Wang procedure.
Objective To investigate effectiveness of the modified edge resection technique for composite labia minora and clitoral hood reduction with preserved microstructures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 36 female patients, who were diagnosed with composite hypertrophy of the labia minora and clitoral hood and admitted between September 2022 and December 2024. The patients’ ages ranged from 18 to 45 years (mean, 27.4 years). The primary surgical motivations included poor appearance alone (8 cases), functional impairment alone (14 cases), both poor appearance and functional impairment (12 cases), and psychological factors (2 cases). All patients were treated with the modified edge resection technique for composite labiaminora and clitoral hood reduction with preserved microstructures. The surgical technique emphasized precise adjustments to the clitoral-labial junction and optimization of the anterior labial structure to ensure a natural postoperative appearance and functional integrity. Postoperative follow-up assessed improvements in appearance and function of clitoral hood and labia minora, complications, and overall patient satisfaction. Results One patient exhibited suboptimal wound healing, while the remaining patients experienced no complications such as postoperative bleeding, hematoma, wound dehiscence, suture cutting, or labial edema and enlargement. Thirty patients were followed up with a duration of 1-6 months (mean, 2.4 months). In the early postoperative period, 2 patients perceived asymmetry of the bilateral labia minora; 1 underwent labial revision surgery, while the other achieved near-symmetry without intervention. At last follow-up, 25 patients experienced varying degrees of relief from preoperative functional impairments, while the remaining patients showed no improvement; 27 patients reported varying degrees of improvement in appearance, 2 reported no change, and 1 reported a worse appearance compared to preoperatively. Sixteen patients were very satisfied with the surgical results, 8 were satisfied, 5 were moderate satisfied, and 1 was dissatisfied, with a satisfaction rate of 80% (24/30). Conclusion The modified edge resection technique for composite labia minora and clitoral hood reduction with preserved microstructures which preserves and optimizes fine anatomical structures through precise adjustments at the clitoral-labial junction, achieves high patient satisfaction with both aesthetic and functional outcomes while minimizing postoperative complications.
To explore the treatment of multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation and spinal canal stenosis by laminectomy, removal of nucleus pulposus, fusion of intra-transverse process and general spine system(GSS) fixation. Methods From January 2004 to January 2006, 21 patients with multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation and spinal canal stenosis were treated by laminectomy, removal of nucleus pulposus and GSS pedicle screw spinal system. There were 14 males and 7 females with an average age of 53 years ranging from 46 to 61 years, and with an average disease course of 18 months ranging from 8 months to 15 years. All of the patients were examined by X-ray with AP position, lateral position and dynamic lateral position, CT and MRI, and all of them proved to be with multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation and different degrees of spinal canal stenosis. A total of 47 nucleuses were picked out, and 47 instable segments were filled in with granule selfbone. Results There were 21 patients who were followed up for 1 to 2 years with an average of 13 months. All patients achieved successful fusion and bony union postoperative from 8 to 12 months, and no artificial joint was formed. As to the cl inical results in 21 cases, according to the Macnab outcome criteria, 14 were excellent, 6 were good and 1 was poor, the excellent and good rate was 95.2%. Conclusion The methods of laminectomy, removal of nucleus pulposus, fusion of intra-transverse process and GSS system fixation are effective in treatment of multi-segmental lumbar disc herniation and spinal canal stenosis．
Objective To investigate the serum levels of endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) at different therapy stages of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma, and elucidate the relation to the progress and prognosis of tumor. Methods Forty-four Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, ie. a non-therapy group, a chemotherapy group, a gene therapy group, and a combination therapy group ( chemotherapy plus gene therapy) . Eleven healthy mice were included as normal control group. Serum was collected on the 0th, 5th, 19th day after therapy for measurement of endostatin and VEGF by ELISA. The correlations were analysed between endostatin and VEGF levels in each group. Results ( 1) The serum endostatin levels had no significant difference in all groups on the 0th day,but increased significantly on the 5th day in the gene and combination therapy groups than those in other three groups ( all P lt;0. 01) . Then the endostatin level decreased on the 19th day in the gene and combination therapy groups, but still higher than those in the chemotherapy group and the normal group. ( 2 ) On the contrary, serum VEGF levels of the gene and combination therapy groups decreased significantly on the 5th day and increased little on the 19th day, which were both significant lower than those in chemotherapy group on the 5th and 19th day( all P lt; 0. 05) . There were significant diferences between the three therapy groups and the non-therapy group( all P lt;0. 05) . ( 3) Negative correlations between VEGF and endostatin levels were revealed in the gene and combination therapy groups ( r = - 0. 77 and - 0. 761 respectively) .Correlation was not found in the non-therapy and chemotherapy groups. Conclusion The serum levels of endostatin and VEGF might be used as monitoring indices of antiangiogenesis therapy.
Early diagnosis of lung cancer is of great significance for reducing mortality and improving survival. Traditional methods of early diagnosis of lung cancer have their own limitations. The exhaled breath can reflect the disease state of the body, which has great potential in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this paper, the diagnosis of lung cancer and the application of exhaled breath detection technology in the diagnosis of lung cancer were reviewed.
Bone tissue engineering is considered as one of the most promising way to treat large segmental bone defect. When constructing bone tissue engineering graft in vitro, suitable bioreactor is usually used to incubate cell-scaffold complex under perfusion to obtain bone tissue engineering graft with good repair efficiency. However, the theoretical model for growth rate of single cell (especially for stem cell) during this process still has many defects. The difference between stem cells and terminally differentiated cells is always ignored. Based on our previous studies, this study used self-made perfusion apparatus to apply different modes and strengths of fluid shear stress (FSS) to the cells seeded on scaffolds. The effects of FSS on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. The regression analysis model of the effect of FSS on the single-cell growth rate of MSCs was further established. The results showed that 0.022 5 Pa oscillatory shear stress had stronger ability to promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and the growth rate of a single MSC cell under FSS was modified. This study is expected to provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the perfusion culture condition of bone tissue engineering grafts in vitro.
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the origin, prevention and treatment of postoperative complications and death rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD）. Methods Retrospective study on the clinical materials of complications and death rate was done on 106 cases of PD performed in our hospital during July 1985 to December 2002. Results In this group, 37 cases (34.91%) had postoperative complications, and the incidence rate of severe complications was 19.81% (21/106), the death rate was 10.38% (11/106). Compared between the two groups with preoperative bilirubin gt;342 μmol/L and ≤342 μmol/L, the incidence of total complications increased evidently (P＜0.05), and the bleeding amount，infusion amount and operation time in those with complications or dead ones were evidently higher than those without complications (P＜0.05). Conclusion The safty and resectability of PD has improved evidently in recent years but good skills, careful operation, the experience of the operatior and careful perioperative treatment and nursing are of crucial importance to reduce the complications and death rate.
Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of the PercuTwist technique．Methods Clinical data of patients undergoing PercuTwist and traditional tracheostomy during Jan 2007 to Feb 2008 in the department of pulmonary disease of Changhai Hospital were collected and analyzed．Results Of 16 patients with PercuTwist，12 were males and 4 were females．The minimum platelet before operation was 15 X 109／L The mean operating time f from local anesthesia to connecting ventilator)was(4.3±1.0)min，and complications occurred in 2 cases with 2 incidences．Of the 12 patients with traditional tracheostomy，8 were males and 4 were females．The minimum platelet before operation was 85 X 109／L．The mean operating time was(33.3±8.6)min，and complications occurred in 8 cases with11 incidences．There were significant differences in complications and operating time between the patients with PercuTwist and the patients with traditional tracheostomy(P lt;0.001 or 0.01)．Conclusions Compared with the traditional surgical tracheostomy，the PercuTwist technique takes less operating time and causes fewer complications．
The postoperative symptom burden in patients with lung cancer is severe and adversely impairs their quality of life. Symptom management is the cornerstone of medical care. Patient-reported outcome (PRO)-based symptom management is being increasingly recognized as the best "patient-centered care" model in clinical practice. However, the precise implementation of this model in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery is hindered by the lack of a lung cancer surgery-specific scale, implementation standards, clinical application parameters and high-quality researches. The use of a precise and simple PRO scale and an electronic PRO platform may greatly improve the feasibility of implementing this model. Currently, the application of PRO-based symptom management in lung cancer surgery is still being explored and needs to be improved in clinical research and practice.