ObjectiveTo elucidate the latest research progress of Yes-associated protein (YAP) / transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in regulating tumor drug resistance. MethodThe relevant literature on YAP/TAZ in regulating tumor cell chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy resistance was reviewed and summarized in the databases such as PubMed, CNKI, and so on. ResultsThe YAP/TAZ was involved in the resistance regulation of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy in various human tumors. The YAP/TAZ could interact with various proteins to induce the occurrence of tumor resistance. The imbalance of YAP/TAZ signaling might lead to an important mechanism of tumor cell resistance. ConclusionsThere is a close relation between YAP/TAZ and tumor cell resistance. Studying the mechanism of YAP/TAZ regulating tumor resistance can provide new strategies and targets for addressing tumor resistance.
Influenza A is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza A virus, with typical signs and symptoms of upper and / or lower respiratory tract involvement, and symptoms of systemic disease such as fever, headache, myalgia and fatigue. Although it is a self-limited disease in the general population, it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in some high-risk populations and often leads serious complications, such as severe acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as other extrapulmonary injuries. The exploration of the mechanisms of lung injury caused by influenza A infection could be helpful to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of other viral pneumonias, such as coronavirus disease 2019.
自从2001 年颁布第1 版慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ( COPD) 诊断、处理和预防全球策略以来，已经整整10 年了，10 年中COPD 的研究取得了相当大的进展。2011 年底颁布的“Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( Revised 2011) ”( 简称全球策略修订版) 在原版本的基础上, 根据 COPD 临床研究的最新进展进行了重大修改。
Objective To explore the procedure options in the treatment for acute plasma cell mastitis with minimal compromise to breast appearance. Methods The clinical data of 19 cases diagnosed as acute plasma cell mastitis from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were adopted the same protocol as the combination of traditional Chinese medicine，abscess drainage at the proper moment，and the excision of focal mass after the acute inflammatory response diminish. Results The duration from taking traditional Chinese medicine to lumpectomy in all the patients were from 63 d to 97d，and the average time was 78d. Seven cases were treated with antibiotic before lumpectomy and 12 cases were treated with abscess drainage，and all the patients were cured satisfactorily. All the patients were followed up for 24-48 months with an average 36 months， there was no recurrence，and the shape of the treated breast remained consistent with the contralateral side，with the natural shape and smooth skin，and an undetectable thready mammary areola incision left. Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine could treat acute plasma cell mastitis efficiently and with an advantage of minimal compromise to breast appearance.
目的:探讨鼻内窥镜下下鼻甲成形术加骨折外移术治疗慢性肥厚性鼻炎的临床应用价值。方法: 对符合慢性肥厚性鼻炎的56例患者在00内窥镜下骨折下鼻甲,切除下鼻甲增生肥厚部分外侧面黏膜及其下肥大骨质,内侧的黏膜瓣保留并覆盖在下鼻甲创面上形成新下鼻甲。随访1到2年。结果: 56例中,治愈42例(75.0%),有效13 例(23.2%),无效1例(1.8%),总有效率98.2%,无并发症发生。结论: 鼻内窥镜下下鼻甲成形术加骨折外移术是治疗慢性肥厚性鼻炎较为理想的手术方法。
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the relationship between multiple tumor biomarkers and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF) , and analyze the prognostic value of these biomarkers in IPF. Methods Clinical data of 43 confirmed IPF patients with no evidence of malignant disaeses, admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2000 and June 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. All IPF patients had detected serum alpha fetoprotein ( AFP) , cancer antigen 50 ( CA50) , cancer antigen 24-2( CA24-2) , carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , carbohydrate antigen 19-9 ( CA19-9) , cancer antigen 125( CA125) , cancer antigen 15-3 ( CA15-3) , tissue polypeptide antigen ( TPA) , neuron specific enolase( NSE) , and cytokeratin-19-fragment ( Cyfra211) . Results The serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA125,CA15-3, and TPA were obviously higher than normal range, while the serum levels of AFP, CA50, CA24-2,NSE, and Cyfra211 were within normal range. Neither tumor biomarkers had correlation with 6-minute walk distance, FVC% pred, TLC% pred, DLCO/VA, PaO2 , PaO2 /FiO2 , P( A-a) O2 , BALF cell differentiation counting,or CD4 /CD8. The patients with increased CA19-9 level had shorter survival time than those with normal CA19-9 level ( P lt; 0. 05) . There was no significant difference in survival time between the patients with increased CEA/TPA levels and those with normal CEA/TPA levels( P gt;0. 05) , neither between the patients with glucocorticoid treatment and those with non-glucocorticoid treatment ( P gt; 0. 05) . Conclusions Multiple tumor biomarkers, especially CA19-9, increase in IPF patients. The degrees of those increases arenot associated with the severity of disease, but closely relate to prognosis, and may also indicate the progression. The increases of multiple tumor biomarkers may be a sign of poor prognosis of IPF with no evidence of malignant disaeses.
ObjectiveTo identify genes associated with resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in colorectal cancer and elucidate their underlying mechanisms using bioinformatics approaches. MethodsGenes expression datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The intersection of HRGs and DEGs was defined as hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (HDGs). The gene expression data of patients with colorectal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed using Pearson correlation to identify the PD-1-related genes, further the STRING analysis (minimum interaction score was greater than 0.7) and Cytoscape were subsequently employed to screen the key PD-1-related genes. The relation between the screened key PD-1-related genes and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients was analyzed to screen out the target genes. The real-time fluorescence reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of the target genes in the cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues of 20 patients with colorectal cancer. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database and the ROC Plotter database were used to analyze the relation between the high and low expression of the target genes and the prognosis in different patients. The significance level was set as α=0.05. ResultsA total of 651 HRGs and 329 DEGs were screened out. By taking the intersection of these two sets, 37 HDGs were obtained for subsequent analysis. Through Pearson correlation analysis, 25 key PD-1-related genes were screened out and 10 and 14 key PD-1-related genes were screened out by the MCC algorithm and the MCODE algorithm respectively. By taking the intersection of these three sets, 3 key PD-1-related genes were obtained, then survival analysis, the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) gene was finally screened out as the target gene. The expression level of the AURKA gene in the pan-cancer patients who responded to PD-1 inhibitor treatment was significantly higher than that in non-responders (P＜0.001), and was significantly lower in the six colorectal cancer cells treated with hypoxia than in six colorectal cancer cells treated with normoxia (P＜0.001). The AURKA expression in the colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent colorectal tissues (P=0.008). The overall survival of pan-cancer patients with high AURKA expression was better than that of those with low AURKA expression [HR (95%CI)=0.67 (0.49, 0.93), P=0.015]. Among the colorectal cancer patients with MMR deficiency, the patients with low AURKA gene expression had worse overall survival [HR (95%CI)=2.596 (1.028, 6.332), P=0.043] and recurrence-free survival [HR (95%CI)=4.201 (1.092, 16.150), P=0.037] as compared with those with high AURKA gene expression. The low AURKA expression was associated with significantly worse overall survivals in the colorectal cancer patients harboring wild-type or mutant TP53, BRAF, and KRAS as compared with high AURKA expression (P＜0.05), while no statistically significant difference was found in the overall survival of the normal MMR patients between with high AURKA expression and low AURKA expression (P=0.307). ConclusionThe results of this bioinformatics analysis suggest that hypoxia down-regulated AURKA expression, and low AURKA expression is associated with worse prognosis in colorectal cancer patients, and worse reactivity and prognosis in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.
Objective To investigate the structure characteristics， functions， and research progress of Notch signaling pathway in digestive tumors. Methods The related literatures about the molecular genetic mechanism of Notch signaling pathway were reviewed. Results The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role not only in normal cells’ growth， differentiation， proliferation， and apoptosis but also in a variety of tumors’ occurrence and development. Conclusion The reasonable regulation to Notch signaling pathway may open up new ways to the treatment of the tumor.
ObjectiveTo explore the application value of multidisciplinary collaborative team (MDT) model in retroperitoneal tumors involving large vessels.MethodsThree cases of retroperitoneal tumors involving great vessels admitted to Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University in 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. With the support of 3D visual reconstruction and virtual reality (VR) technology, we performed MDT discussion and three cases received treatment of surgery, intervention, and targeted therapy.ResultsCase 1 was discussed by MDT and concluded that, based on CT examination, 3D reconstruction, and VR virtual image results, the tumor on the right side was determined to be completely resectable. The left tumor was judged to be unresectable, and the proposed treatment plan was right metastatic tumor resection + left metastatic tumor radiofrequency ablation. After surgery case 1 had been followed up for 6 months. The symptoms of diarrhea were significantly improved. CT reexamination showed that liver lesions and left retroperitoneal lesions were the same size and the condition was stable. After discussion by MDT, radiofrequency ablation around the tumor was proposed for case 2. This case was followed up for 3 months after surgery, and CT reexamination showed no new lesion in retroperitoneum. After MDT discussion, we concluded that arteriovenous fistula of case 3 had no indications for surgery, and proposed interventional combined with targeted therapy. After treatment, the tumor was found to be smaller after reexamination in 8 months than before treatment, and the efficacy was evaluated as partial remission. The follow-up was continued.ConclusionThe future development trend of retroperitoneal tumor therapy involving great vessels is to evaluate each patient’s condition under the MDT mode by using 3D visual reconstruction and VR technology, and to formulate the individualized treatment plan of operation combined with other treatments.
目的：机械分离、培养小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经元，并进行免疫荧光细胞学鉴定，为后期进一步的实验研究提供实验材料。方法：采用初出生1～5天以内的昆明小鼠进行解剖、机械分离以获得螺旋神经节组织，进行原代培养后，应用神经微丝蛋白（Neurofilament protein,NFP－H）单克隆抗体进行免疫荧光细胞学鉴定。结果：机械分离后获得的螺旋神经节组织中的螺旋神经元，在体外培养条件下可以存活并进行正常分化。典型的螺旋神经元，其细胞形态呈椭圆形,胞体透明光滑、接近生理形态。荧光染色标记后，胞体和神经突起均显色好，Schwann细胞和成纤维细胞未着色。结论：应用机械分离的方法获得小鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节组织并进行培养，耳蜗螺旋神经元在体外可以稳定地存活生长。培养获得的细胞形态和生存状态接近生理状态，满足电生理、免疫细胞化学、药理学等研究。应用特异性的神经微丝蛋白对培养获得的螺旋神经元进行免疫荧光细胞学鉴定，特异性好，荧光显色好。