ObjectiveTo identify SCN9A gene mutation in a family with severe primary erythermalgia. MethodsClinical data of family were collected and the encoding exons and their flanking sequences of SCN9A gene were amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA samples. ResultsA heterozygous c.1185C→G was found in exon 9 of the proband, which resulted in N395K amino acid substitution. The mutation was not detected in the proband’s healthy mother or 50 unrelated healthy controls. ConclusionThe missense mutation of SCN9A gene is the underlying cause of the patient’s clinical phenotype.
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of ADGRV1 gene mutation epilepsy.MethodsA retrospective collection of 26 patients with epilepsy diagnosed and related gene sequencing was performed in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2018 to December 2018. Five epilepsy patients with ADGRV1 mutations were screened out, and their clinical characteristics and gene mutation characteristics were summarized.ResultsA total of 5 epilepsy patients with ADGRV1 mutation were collected, including 1 male and 4 females, with an average age of (7±5.83) years. Three patients had a family history of epilepsy, and the father of the other two patients had a history of febrile seizures. 2 cases showed generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and 3 cases showed partial seizures followed by generalized seizures. The results of genetic testing revealed 7 mutation sites in the ADGRV1 gene, of which one missense mutation site c.2039A>G has been reported in the literature. Two of the 5 patients underwent epilepsy surgery, and they were still treated with multiple anti-epileptic drugs for a long time after the operation, and the other 3 patients were treated with anti-epileptic drugs for a long time. At present, 4 out of 5 patients had seizures still not under effective control, and 1 case did not relapse after being followed up for nearly 1 year.ConclusionThe clinical features of epilepsy caused by ADGRV1 gene mutation are early onset, mainly manifested as general tonic-clonic seizures or partial seizures secondary to generalized seizures, accompanied by disturbance of consciousness during seizures. The combined treatment of anti-epileptic drugs and postoperative anti-epileptic drugs is less effective. Genetic testing can guide genetic counseling and assisted diagnosis.
Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR) mutations in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) . Methods Plasma DNAs solated fromblood specimens of 170 NSCLC patients, who were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of uangzhou Medical College from December 2005 to December 2007, were subjected to the test of EGFR utant-enriched PCR. The correlation of mutant detection with clinical characteristics was analyzed as well.Results Out of the total 170 patients, EGFR mutations were identified in 77 cases ( 77 /170, 45. 3% ) .EGFR mutations were more frequent in the patients with adenocarcinoma ( P lt; 0. 001) and in the nonsmokers P =0. 001) . In the 33 patients treated with gefitinib, those with mutations ( + ) showed a higher esponse rate and prolonged progression-free survival after the treatment compared with those with mutations( - ) ( P =0. 001 and 0. 001, respectively) . Conclusions EGFR active mutations can be specifically and ensitively detected by EGFR mutant enriched PCR assay. Plasma EGFR mutants detection is valuable in uiding clinical decision.
ObjectiveTo identify the pathogenic genes and mutations in a Hui population family with Goldmann-Favre syndrome.MethodsA two-generation Hui population family with consanguineous marriage including 4 individuals was enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from 4 ml peripheral venous blood of all participants. The DNA sequence was performed by Ophthalmology Gene panel sequencing through Ion PGM platform. Then the selected mutations were proved by PCR-Sanger sequencing method. Pathogenic analysis of the mutation was done by means of retrieving PubMed and related databases. And the function of mutation effect was interpreted by protein prediction software.ResultsThe sequence result showed that a novel homozygous mutation in NR2E3, c.925C＞T (p.R309W), which resulted in conversion of arginine to tryptophan at position 309 of the photoreceptor-specific retinal nuclear receptor. Parents of the proband were carriers of the heterozygous mutation. The 309 amino acid locus of NR2E3 protein product was highly conserved among species, and protein prediction softwares predicted the mutation as harmful.ConclusionThe homozygous mutation c.925C＞T (p.R309W) in NR2E3 cause Goldmann-Favre syndrome in this patient.
Objective To compare the differences of chromosome aberration and Rb 1 gene mutation among 3 cloned cells of SO-Rb50 cell line of retinoblastoma. Methods 1.Three cell cloned strains named MC2, MC3, MC4 were isolated from SO-Rb50. 2. Gbanding and karyotype analysis were performed on the llth passage cells of the 3 cell strains.3.All exons and the promoter region of the Rb gene were detected by PCR-SSCP analysis in tumor cell DNA extracted from the 3 cell strains. Results 1.Both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations could be observed in these 3 cell strains.Several kinds of structural chromosomal aberrations were observed.The chromosome aberrations in the same passage of different cell strains were different.Aberration of chromosome 13 was rare and the aberration feature was different in the 3 cell strains.Five marker chromosomes were identified.M1,t(1;1)qter-p35∷q24-ter could befound in all cell strains.Two of them M4 and M5,have not been reported in SO-Rb50 cell line previously.2.SSCP analysis of exon 24 showed that MC411 and MC3138 had abnormal band. Conclusions The characteristics of heterogeneity of the original tumor cell line SO-Rb50are still kept during a long-term culture in vitro and the cloned strains had dynamic changes during this period.Aberration of chromosome 13 is not the only cause of RB;aberration of chromosome 1,a commom event in some neoplasias as well as in SO-Rb50, plays a meaningful role in the immortalization of this cell line. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 146-148)
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical features of patients over 30 years old with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). MethodsNine male LHON patients (18 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The patients aged from 34 to 56 years old, with an average age of (45.22±6.91) years. The course of the disease ranged from 7 days to 21 months, with a mean course of 5 months. Visual acuity, slit lamp microscope, chromoptometry, direct ophthalmoscope and fundus photography were measured for all patients, visual field examined for 6 patients (11 eyes). Mitochondrial DNA mutation was analyzed. The visual acuity was followed-up for 12 months. ResultsSeven of the 9 patients (77.78%) had family history. Five patients (55.56%) had both eyes involved simultaneously, and 4 patients (44.44%) had the eyes involved at different time. Three patients (33.33%) had sudden visual loss, and 6 patients (66.67%) had gradual visual loss. The visual acuity was light perception in 1 eye (5.55%), finger counting in 3 eyes (16.67%), 0.01-0.1 in 7 eyes (38.89%), 0.12-0.3 in 3 eyes (16.67%), equal or greater than 0.4 in 4 eyes (22.22%). Sixteen eyes (88.88%) had normal light reflex, 1 eye (5.55%) had no light reflex, and 1 eye (5.55%) had relative afferent papillary defect. Eight eyes (44.44%) had normal optic disk, 3 eyes (16.67%) had blurred optic disc border and disc telangiectasia, 7 eyes (38.89%) had pale disc and clear boundary. Among 11 eyes underwent visual field examination, 9 eyes (81.82%) had central or paracentral scotoma and 2 eyes (18.18%) had visual field narrowing. Among 9 patients, there were 7 patients (77.78%) with G11778A mutation, 1 patient (11.11%) with G11696A mutation, and 1 patient (11.11%) with T14484C mutation. In the last follow-up, the visual acuity was light perception in 1 eye (5.55%), finger counting in 4 eyes (22.22%), 0.01-0.1 in 6 eyes (33.33%), 0.12-0.3 in 3 eyes (16.67%), equal or greater than 0.4 in 4 eyes (22.22%).The visual acuity was improved in 9 eyes (50.00%), stable in 7 eyes(38.89%), and decreased in 2 eyes (11.11%). ConclusionLHON patients (older than 30 years) are more common in men, mostly with normal light reflex, central or paracentral scotoma and G11778A mutation.
Objective To analyze the BEST1 gene mutations and clinical features in patients with multifocal vitelliform retinopathy (MVR). Methods This is a retrospective case series study. Five MVR families with MVR, including 9 patients and 10 healthy family members were recruited. Clinical evaluations were performed in all MVR patients and their family members, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refraction, slit-lamp examination, 90 D preset lens examination, gonioscopy, color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (AF), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and axial length measurement. Electro-oculogram (EOG) was performed in 12 eyes and visual field were performed in 13 eyes. Peripheral blood samples were collected in all subjects to extract genomic DNA. Coding exons and flanking intronic regions of BEST1 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Results Among the 5 MVR families, 3 probands from three families had family history, including 1 family had autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Two patients from 2 families were sporadic cases. Screening of BEST1 gene identified four mutations, including three missense mutations (c.140G>T, p.R47L; c.232A>T, p.I78F; c.698C>T, p.P233L) and 1 deletion mutation (c.910_912del, p.D304del). Two mutations (p.R47L and p.I78F) were novel. The BCVA of affected eyes ranged from hand motion to 1.0. The mean IOP was (30.39±11.86) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The mean refractive diopter was (-0.33±1.68) D. Twelve eyes had angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and 4 eyes had angle closure (AC). EOG Arden ratio was below 1.55 in all patients. The mean anterior chamber depth was (2.17±0.29) mm. Visual field showed defects varied from paracentral scotoma to diffuse defects. The mean axial length was (21.87±0.63) mm. All MVR patients had multifocal vitelliform lesions in the posterior poles of retina. ACG eyes demonstrated pale optic disc with increased cup-to-disc ratio. OCT showed retinal edema, extensive serous retinal detachment and subretinal hyper-reflective deposits which had high autofluorescence in AF. The genetic testing and clinical examination were normal in 10 family members. Conclusions MVR patients harbored heterozygous mutation in the BEST1 gene. Two novel mutations (p.R47L and p.I78F) were identified. These patients had clinical features of multifocal vitelliform retinopathy and abnormal EOG. Most patients suffered from AC/ACG.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary blinding fundus diseases caused by abnormalities in photoreceptors of the retina. RP is highly heterogeneous in hereditary and cdinical phenotypes. It can be divided into simple type RP and syndrome type RP. The main inheritance patterns are autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive inheritance and X-linked inheritance. With the popularization and clinical application of gene sequencing technology, more and more disease-causing genes have been discovered, and these genes are mainly expressed in photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial cell. ln-depth understanding of RP pathogenic genes not only provides a theoretical basis for RP diagnosis and genetic counseling, but also provides guidance for RP gene therapy.
Objective To review the research progress in relationship between hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and CDH1 gene. Methods Literatures on HDGC which were published in recent years were collected and analyzed. Results Aberrant CDH1 gene is significantly correlated with HDGC: mutations of CDH1 exons play the most important role in pathogenesis of HDGC. Screening CDH1 gene mutation is useful for diagnosis of HDGC as well as the treatments. Alterations of CDH1 other than exon mutation, such as intron mutation, gene promoter methylation and single nucleotide polymorphism may result in downregulation of the gene expression. Further study should be done to confirm the roles of these alterations. Conclusions Alterations of CDH1 gene are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of HDGC. Detecting alterations of CDH1 gene are important for diagnosis and management of HDGC as well as to get insights of the pathogenesis of the disease.
Objective To detect and analyse the mutations in rhodopsin gene of members in a family affected by autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). Methods Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified exon 1-5 of rhodopsin gene in patients with ADRP,and analyzed it with direct sequence measuement. Results The Gly-182-Asp mutation in the rhodopsin gene was detected in most of affected members of this ADRP family, but no mutation was detected in two affected members and the control ones. Conclusion We cannot regard the Gly-182-Asp mutation in the rhodopsin gene as the pathagenic factor of the ADRP family. It is likely there is a new gene next to the rhodopsin gene. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 256-258)