Objective To investigate the latest development of tissue engineeredregenerative medicine in industrialization, with the intention to direct work in practical area. Methods A complete insight of regenerative medicine in industrialization was obtained through referring to update publications, visiting related websites, as well as learning from practical experience. Results The aerial view of the future of regenerative medicine was got based on knowledge of four different tissue engineering projects. Conclusion All present efforts should be devoted to regenerative medicine area meeting the industrialized trends.
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical characteristics, the characteristics of organ dysfunction and death related factors in the natural course of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). MethodsThe data of 302 cases of SAP from January 1999 to June 2007 in our hospital were retrospective analyzed. The APACHEⅡscore, state of each organ, and death related factors were recorded and analyzed according to the admission and on 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 d after admission, a total of 7 time points. ResultsIn natural course of SAP, the APACHEⅡscore took on a double-peak type distribution, the peaks appearing nearly about one week and two weeks after the onset of SAP. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and abdominal compartment syndrome were the main causes of early organ failure. Incidence of organ failure and infection increased significantly for patients with intestinal paralysis lasting longer than five days. The most affected organ failure was followed by respiratory organs, peripheral circulation, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. The mortality rate increased significantly for patients with organ failure more than 48 hours. Four cases of death (9.5%) caused by severe shock and cardiac arrest within 24 h after admission; 6 deaths (14.3%) led by persistent shock with ARDS or acute renal failure within 24-72 h; 14 cases of death (33.3%) arose from 3-10 d after onset, mainly for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute renal failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS); 18 cases (42.8%) of the death arose on 10 d after the onset, mainly for the MODS caused by intra-abdominal infections, bleeding, pancreatic fistula, and biliary fistula. ConclusionsThe natural course of SAP can be divided into three phases:systemic inflammation, systemic infection, and recovery. Duration of intestinal paralysis is an important factor affecting the natural history of SAP. Early complications in patients with organ failure appeared as SIRS, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and abdominal hypertension. MODS led by SIRS is the leading cause in early death of SAP; MODS caused by pancreas and peripancreatic tissue infections, abdominal bleeding, pancreatic fistula, and biliary fistula are the main death factor in the late phase. Early recovery of gastrointestinal function can reduce the incidence of MODS.
Bioactive glass (BG) has been widely used in the preparation of artificial bone scaffolds due to its excellent biological properties and non-cytotoxicity, which can promote bone and soft tissue regeneration. However, due to the brittleness, poor mechanical strength, easy agglomeration and uncontrollable structure of glass material, its application in various fields is limited. In this regard, most current researches mainly focus on mixing BG with organic or inorganic materials by freeze-drying method, sol-gel method, etc., to improve its mechanical properties and brittleness, so as to increase its clinical application and expand its application field. This review introduces the combination of BG with natural organic materials, metallic materials and non-metallic materials, and demonstrates the latest technology and future prospects of BG composite materials through the development of scaffolds, injectable fillers, membranes, hydrogels and coatings. The previous studies show that the addition of BG improves the mechanical properties, biological activity and regeneration potential of the composites, and broadens the application of BG in the field of bone tissue engineering. By reviewing the recent BG researches on bone regeneration, the research potential of new materials is demonstrated, in order to provide a reference for future related research.
【Abstract】Objective To introduce the birth and development of model of endstage liver disease (MELD) and evaluate its effect on liver transplantation(LT) as a new scoring system. Methods Literatures of MELD applied in LT were analyzed retrospectively. Results MELD scoring system was used for predicting the prognosis of patients with endstage liver disease and the death risk of candidates on waiting LT extensively and the order of organ sharing was determined by its predicable results. Conclusion MELD has been had a successful initial implementation for predicting the shortterm survival probability and mortality in patients with endstage liver disease, and meeting the goal of providing a system of allocation that emphasizes the urgency of the candidate while diminishing the reliance on waiting time, which has been proven to be a powerful tool for auditing the liver allocation system.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect and experience of monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency ablation for organic heart disease with atrial fibrillation under the open heart surgery. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 305 patients with organic heart disease such as atrial fibrillation underwent the open heart surgery in Changle People's Hospital and Shanghai Renji Hospital between December 2004 year and December 2013 year. There were 188 male and 117 female patients at age of 38 to 81 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency ablation used. There were 128 patients in a monopolar group, 165 patients in a bipolar group, and 12 patients in a combined group with monopolar radiofrequency ablation plus bipolar radiofrequency ablation. ResultTwo patients died after operation. There were 249 patients (81.6%) with sinus rhythm after operation. Sinus rhythm was restored 78.9% in the monopolar group compared with 83.6% in the bipolar group with a statistical difference (P>0.05). We followed up the patients for 3 to 85 (38.2±15.4) months after operation. There were no statistical differences in sinus rhythm rates after following-up 0.5 year (80.5% vs. 83.9%, P>0.05), 1 year (78.4% vs. 83.3%, P>0.05), 2 years (76.5% vs. 81.1%, P>0.05), and 5 years(73.8% vs. 77.1%, P>0.05). ConclusionMonopolar or bipolar radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation with open heart surgery is an effective method, especially in long-term effect. There was no significant difference between the monopolar group and the bipolar group in effect. Bipolar radiofrequency ablation can reduce the ablation time.
Through analyzing the relevant regulations of organ transplantation in China, we identified the problems in the regulations of organ transplantation in China, including more strict limitation of the living organ donors resulting in a serious shortage of organ supply, difficulties in preventing the hidden organ trading, and opaque process of organ allocation resulting in unfair distribution. We also put forward the solutions to address above problems, including the improvement of organ transplantation regulations, establishment of the reimbursement mechanism for organ donation, rational mechanism of organ allocation and the brain death criteria, so as to promote more comprehensive sources of organ donation for the patients with end-stage organ failure.
ObjectiveTo summarize current patient-derived organoids as preclinical cancer models, and its potential clinical application prospects. MethodsCurrent patient-derived organoids as preclinical cancer models were reviewed according to the results searched from PubMed database. In addition, how cancer-derived human tumor organoids of pancreatic cancer could facilitate the precision cancer medicine were discussed. ResultsThe cancer-derived human tumor organoids show great promise as a tool for precision medicine of pancreatic cancer, with potential applications for oncogene modeling, gene discovery and chemosensitivity studies. ConclusionThe cancer-derived human tumor organoids can be used as a tool for precision medicine of pancreatic cancer.
Objective We investigated the effectiveness of legislation in developed countries by analyzingtheir legislation, and produced ideas and strategies for organ transplantation and brain death legislation in China.Methods Official websites were searched as follows: UNOS, TCE, CLTR, ANZDATA, and SRTR through December6, 2008. We included statistical reports and data analysis of organ donations and transplants, and excluded literatureabout non-solid organs. The absolute transplantation numbers were standardized to per one million people. Results 1.The following data was retrieved: The number of eight kinds of organ transplants and organ donations in Britain, the United States, New Zealand, Spain, France, Italy, Germany, and Australia from 2003 to 2005; the number of deceased donors in the United States and Spain from 1988 to 2007; the total number of organ transplants in Australia from 2002 to 2006; the amount of organ transplants in the United States from 1993 to 2006; liver and kidney transplant totals in the United States from 1988 through March, 2008; liver transplants number of China from 1993 through March, 2008; and the number of kidney transplants in some provinces and cities in China. 2. Transplant totals were greatest in the United States; in Spain, after ONT was founded in 1990, the rate of donation from the deceased was the most in theworld. 3. Spain had the best rate of donation with 34.5 pmp, 10.9 pmp higher than in the United States with separate legislation from 2003 to 2005. There was a rate difference of 0.98 pmp between Germany and the United Kingdomwhich implemented separated legislation nine years earlier. 4. Southern Australia had a maximum rate of average kidneytransplant in the country from 2002 to 2006. 5. Live donor kidney transplants accounted for 31.2~44% compared to4.3% and 4.1% for liver transplants in 2006 and 2007 respectively in the United States. 6. The following have been appliedglobally to regulate organ transplantation and brain death: 1) International or multilateral treaties; 2) Regulation ofNGOs; 3) Self-discipline in the field of organ transplantation; 4) Expert consensus; 5) Establishment of patient’s alliance.Conclusion Countries that have implemented organ transplantation and brain death laws have developed successfulmeasures to improve and support insurance and follow-up information for donors and recipients, however, legislation isstill urgently needed in China. As long as brain death and organ transplant laws are reasonably developed and legislatorsresolve to deal with the difficult issues, then the legislation and its subsequent enforcement will reflect the interests of the people and improve health quality for all.
Objective To summarize the organization management and performance of volunteers taking part in the medical succor in People’s Hospital of Deyang City after 2 weeks of Wenchuan earthquake, in order to provide some reference for public health events in the future. Method Collecting some basic information, job flowing, workload, and management system of volunteers in the hospital from 12th to 26th, May, 2008, and so on, and then using Microsoft EXCEL to set up database for general analysis, in order to summarize management’s characteristics of volunteer organization and effects in hospital medical rescue. Result There are 6 838 persons that took part in the volunteer work, and this work can be divided into 3 phases according to the difference of the organization and management methods, they are 1 day later, 2-3 days later, 4-14 days later after earthquake. These volunteers assisted hospital finishing rescue, treatment and nursing for more than 1 870 wounded persons, transferring more than 441 wounded persons, and some works of logistic service, epidemic situation prevention and control, mentality intervention. Conclusion Different work tasks in different phases for volunteers after 2 weeks earthquake. Organizing and managing volunteers in different phases according to different work tasks to benefit the work performance.
The World Health Organization (WHO) released the “Global report on hypertension” on September 19, 2023. This report systematically summarizes the prevalence, mortality, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in various countries, and elucidates the current situation of hypertension management, and gives a series of suggestions on how to manage hypertension, providing new thinking and inspiration for countries to optimize hypertension management. Through the summary of relevant studies and reports, this paper further reviews the present situation, early identification and management of hypertension.