Objective To investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α （PPARα） in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Method The literatures about PPARα and the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer were reviewed and analyzed. Result The relationships of PPARα to the proliferation， apoptosis， and differentiation of colorectal cancer cells in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer were controversial. Conclusions PPARα might be involved in the regulation of proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells， but the pathogenesis and the up- and down-stream signal pathways are not elucidated. In additional， PPARα might partly be involved in the mechanism of drug resistance of chemotherapy drugs for colorectal cancer， but the role is not very clear yet. So more research works need to be done about the relationship of PPARα to pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Objective Glucocorticoid is the main cause of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of femoral head. To explore the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bone microvascular endothel ial cells treated with glucocorticoid so as to investigate the pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head. Methods The cancellous bone of femoral head was harvested from voluntary donators undergoing total hip arthroplasty, and then the bone microvascular endothel ial cells were isolated by enzyme digestion. The cells at passage 3 were cocultured with different concentrations of hydrocortisone (0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL) for 24 hours. MTT assay was used for the inhibitory rate of cell prol iferation, flow cytometry for apoptosis rate, and fluorescence probe for the production of ROS and xanthine oxidase (XOD). Results At 2-3 days primary culture, the cells were spindle and arranged l ike cobbles and they reached confluence after 1 week. The inhibitory rates of cell prol iferation in 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL groups were 20.22% ± 2.97%, 22.94% ± 4.52%, 43.98% ± 3.35%, and 78.29% ± 3.85%, respectively; and 2 high-concentration groups (0.30 and 1.00 mg/mL groups) were significantly higher (P lt; 0.05) than 2 low-concentration groups (0.03 and 0.10 mg/mL groups). The apoptosis rates in 0, 0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/mL groups were 0.10% ± 0.01%, 0.23% ± 0.02%, 1.83% ± 0.04%, 6.34% ± 0.11%, and 15.33% ± 0.53%, respectively; 2 high-concentration groups (0.30 and 1.00 mg/mL groups) were significantly higher (P lt; 0.05) than 0 mg/mL group. In 0, 0.30, and 1.00 mg/ mL groups, the ROS levels were 57.35 ± 7.11, 120.47 ± 15.68, and 166.15 ± 11.57, respectively, and the XOD levels were 0.017 9 ± 0.000 9, 0.028 3 ± 0.001 7, and 0.067 7 ± 0.004 1, respectively; there were significant differences in the levels of ROS and XOD among 3 groups (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Increasing of ROS production in bone microvascular endothel ial cells can be induced by high concentration glucocorticoid, and it can result in cell injury
ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of the clinical strains isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University in 2019 and provide a basis for clinical rational use of antibiotics.MethodsAll the clinical samples which were collected from January 1st to December 31st in 2019 were employed to determine antimicrobial resistance retrospectively. Results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2019 breakpoints and analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.ResultsA total of 6 784 nonduplicate strains were isolated in 2019, including 2 865 (42.2%) strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 3 919 (57.8%) strains of Gram-negative bacteria. The top five pathogens with the highest detection rate were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 33.0% and 72.0%, respectively. The detection rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was 1.0% and the detection rates of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were 0.3% and 2.9%, respectively. As for the non-meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae, the prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 100% in the isolates from adults. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing strains accounted for 58.2%, 33.6%, and 33.3% in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. The total detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was 7.8%, among which the detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were 1.5% and 17.2%, respectively. The percentages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to imipenem and meropenem were 25.0% and 21.6%, respectively, and those of Acinetobacter baumannii were 73.8% and 74.2%, respectively.ConclusionsBacterial resistance is still serious in this hospital. It is necessary to strengthen rational drug use. At the same time, effective prevention and control measures should be taken to avoid cross-infection.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of common and specific microvascular complications caused by diabetic mellitus, and remains a serious and common ocular complication leading preventable blindness. At present, the specific pathogenesis of DR is not completely clear, and many factors are involved in its occurrence and development. Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous cytokine secreted by adipocytes. It is expressed in all layers of retina, especially in the outer layer (rods and cones). It is involved in regulating fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism by binding with specific receptors. In recent years, a lot of studies have found that APN can be involved in regulating blood glucose, inhibiting neovascularization, reducing inflammation, dilating blood vessels and improving vascular endothelial function. At present, the specific mechanism of APN in the occurrence and development of DR Remains to be determined. Further research on the level changes and the specific mechanism of action of APN in DR may help to identify the characteristic metabolic changes of DR, thus providing new biomarkers for the diagnosis of DR, while helping to promote the innovation of the treatment of DR.
Objective To explore the difference between bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) and avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH). Methods Recent original articles about BMES and ANFH were extensively reviewed, and were comprehensively analysed. Results The pathology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment selection, and prognosis are different between these two diseases. Conclusion BMES and ANFH are two different diseases. Micro-fracture may be the cause of bone marrow edema.
Objective To explore the clinical features and prognosis related factors of severe drug eruption. Methods The clinical data of 48 patients with drug eruption treated between January 2010 and August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The major type of drug eruption was Stevens-Johnson syndrome (58.3%), followed by toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (27.1%) and hypersensitivity syndrome (14.6%). The major allergenic drug which might cuase drug eruption was antimicrobial agent (25.0%), followed by antipyretic analgesic drug (22.9%) and antigout drug (18.8%). Carbamazepine and allopurino were the common drugs caused TEN. Conclusion It is important to give sufficient corticosteroid earlier combined with intravenous immunoglobulin for reducing mortalities of severe drug eruption.
ObjectiveTo know the situation of nosocomial infection in 2014 in a western region hospital, in order to provide a scientific basis for hospital infection control and management. MethodWe selected the patients on August 14th in 2014 during the time from 00:00 to 24:00 as our study subjects. Bedside investigation and medical records investigation were combined to study the cross-sectional survey of nosocomial infection. We completed the questionnaire, and used statistical methods to count related data about nosocomial infections and community-acquired infections. ResultsA total of 1 908 patients were investigated. The nosocomial infection prevalence rate was 4.45%, and the community-acquired infection prevalence rate was 29.09%. The highest prevalence of nosocomial infection department was the Intensive Care Unit (38.10%); the top three surgical systems were Thoracic Surgery (18.67%), General Surgery (16.67%), and Neurosurgery (10.53%), and the top three medical systems were Endocrinology (11.11%), Neurology (6.67%), and Infectious Diseases Department (5.88%). The top three community-acquired infections occurred in Pediatrics Department (non-neonatal group) (95.37%), Burn surgery (92.31%), and Respiratory Medicine (86.46%). The main infection site for both nosocomial and community-acquired infection was lower respiratory tract (58.24%). Pathogens were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hospital and community-acquired infection bacterial spectrum were consistent. And the rate of antibiotics use was 40.82%, in which 126 patients used for prevention (6.60%), and 599 patients used for treatment (31.39%). For patients using the drugs for treatment, bacterial culture submission rate was 80.71%, and the positive rate was 43.78%. ConclusionsThe prevalence of nosocomial infection is reliable, which provides a data support for nosocomial infection prevention and control.
Objective To analyze the clinical and etiological characteristics and bacterial susceptibility in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Guangzhou area.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on VAP patients in four hospital of Guangzhou from Jan 2004 to Oct 2005.Totally 157 patients were enrolled in this study，whose flora was identified and tested by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test.The univariate analysis method was used to analyze the prognostic parameters.Results The average onset time of VAP was 7.7 days after mechanical ventilation with a mortality rate of 38.2%.The proportion of Gram-negative bacilli，Gram-positive cocci and eumycete was 68.0%，23.4% and 8.7% respectively in 184 isolated strains.The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.5%)，Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (14.1％)，Burkholderia cepacia (10.9%)，Staphylococcus aureus (10.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (8.7%).Pseudomonas aeruginosa，Stenotrophomonas maltophilia，and Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to most common antibacterials such as cephalosporin and imipenem.18 strains oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus，7 strains oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus simulans and one vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated.Expect for vancomycin，teicoplanin and fusidic acid，the resistance of Gram-positive cocci were above 50% to other 9 antibacterials.Conclusions The antibiotic resistance situation of VAP in Guangzhou is very serious with high mortality.It is important to reinforce the prevention and guidance on the proper treatment of VAP.
ObjectiveTo explore the distribution and rule of pathogen strains in the third quarter and fourth quarter of 2012, and to provide the basis for clinical medication. MethodsTo retrospectively analyze the bacterial culture and drug susceptibility test results in the third quarter and the fourth quarter of 2012. ResultsThere were isolated 932 plants in the third quarter, and 915 plants isolated in the fourth quarter. Heavy drug resistance rates of detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decrease slightly. There was more multiple drug resistance of A. baumanii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the fourth quarter than in the third one. ConclusionThe resistant strain increases in the fourth quarter. We should attach importance to the clinical examination, bacterial drug resistance monitoring, and rational use of antimicrobial agents.
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, hospital laboratories have become an important place for testing all kinds of specimens of patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019. There may be a high load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in clinical specimens of confirmed patients, and the biosafety risk is high, so it poses a challenge to the hospital laboratory testing process. This paper compares the microbial pre-processing, culture, identification and drug sensitivity analysis of the traditional clinical microbial detection process and the fully automated microbial pipeline, expounds the biosafety risks of the traditional manual detection process of pathogenic microorganisms in the epidemic situation, and discusses the role and dilemma of the fully automated microbial pipeline in the biosafety assurance of the epidemic situation. The purpose is to provide a basis for the promotion of fully automated microbial pipeline in the future.