Objective To review the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic disorders of achilles tendon. Methods Recent l iterature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of chronic disorders of achilles tendon was revi ewed. Results Ultrasonography and MRI were commonly used for diagnoses, and MRI could provide extensive informationfor the choice of therapy protocol. Nonsurgical therapy was the mainstay of treatment for most patients with overuse syndromes, surgical techniques for patients due to no effect in the conservative treatment and with chronic rupture, the cl inical treatment project should be determined based on the cl inical evaluation. Conclusion The surgical indication of chronic disorders of achilles tendon remains controversial, the long-term results of each treatment method are unknown, the randomized prospective studies are still required.
Objective To review the progress in the cl inical treatment of Kienbouml;ck’s disease. Methods Related l iterature concerning the treatment of Kienbouml;ck’s disease was reviewed, and comprehensive analysis was done. Results The treatment methods of Kienbouml;ck’s disease include non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment, which are primarily guided bythe anatomic factor and Lichtman stage. Non-surgical treatment methods should be selected in patients of children and at stage I. Surgical treatment methods include vascularized bone graft transfer into the cored-out lunate, radial shortening osteotomy, radial lateral wedge osteotomy, etc. All surgical treatment methods have advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion For the treatment of Kienbouml;ck’s disease, none of procedure is superior to another. In short, choosing different treatment strategies based on different patients can achieve the desired outcome.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique for spinal implants manufacture. MethodsThe recent original literature concerning technology, materials, process, clinical applications, and development direction of 3D printing technique in spinal implants was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsAt present, 3D printing technologies used to manufacture spinal implants include selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting. Titanium and its alloys are mainly used. 3D printing spinal implants manufactured by the above materials and technology have been successfully used in clinical. But the problems regarding safety, related complications, cost-benefit analysis, efficacy compared with traditional spinal implants, and the lack of relevant policies and regulations remain to be solved. Conclusion3D printing technique is able to provide individual and customized spinal implants for patients, which is helpful for the clinicians to perform operations much more accurately and safely. With the rapid development of 3D printing technology and new materials, more and more 3D printing spinal implants will be developed and used clinically.
【Abstract】 Objective To review the recent progress of cell therapy in cl inical appl ications. Methods Therecent l iterature about cell therapy in cl inical appl ications was extensively reviewed. Results Based on the advances in cell biology, especially the rapid progress in stem cell biology, an increasing number of cl inical trials about cell therapy for management of various diseases, such as cardiovascular system diseases, neural system diseases, musculo-skeletal diseases, diabetes, stress urinary incontinence, and others, had been reported with encouraging results. All these showed that cell therapy had great potentials in cl inical appl ication. Conclusion Cell therapy provides a novel approach for the treatment of many human diseases. However, the mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.
Objective To review the progress in the treatment and research of massive rotator cuff tears. Methods Recent l iteratures about the treatment and research of massive rotator cuff tears were reviewed. Results Treatment options of massive rotator cuff tears include nonoperative treatment, debridement, direct repair, tendon transfer, and repair with various substitutes, but the outcome is unpredictable. Recently, many experimental studies on the treatment of massive rotator cuff tears, such as gene therapy, cell therapy, and tissue engineering techniques, can provide cl inicians with new treatment strategies. Conclusion The treatment of massive rotator cuff tears pose a distinct cl inical challenge for the orthopaedist, depending on the overall presentation. The effect of traditional operation method to repair massive rotator cuff tears is limited. The treatment and research of massive rotator cuff tears still need to be studied.
ObjectiveTo understand the role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in occurrence and development of tumor. MethodThe literatures related to biological function and research progress of PlGF in tumor in recent years were reviewed. ResultsPlGF was a secreted homology dimeric glycoprotein, with the regulation function on trophoblast cell, could induce inflammation reaction．It highly expressed in many tumor tissues, could promote the tumor growth and angiogenesis. The PlGF antibody treatment had a certain therapeutic effect, but it was still in clinical trials. ConclusionsAlthough there are some disputes about conclusions on the role of PlGF in tumor, but it is obvious for the advantage in tumor treatment. With the research progress on PlGF, PlGF might be a breakthrough for tumor treatment．
Objective To analyze the advances of cancer stem cell (CSC) in recent years, and to propose a prospect for CSC research and cancer therapy. Methods Articles about important advances of CSC theory and cancer therapy were reviewed, and then selected and summarized. Results In 2001, CSC was first put forward as a concept, till now, which has been confirmed in many tissues. In recent years, efforts were dedicated to such topics including: identification of CSC in sol id tumors, the origin of CSC, its niche and growth mechanism, cancer therapy, etc. According to the CSC theory, traditional therapeutic methods have deficiencies, and new treatment targeting CSC may thoroughly el iminate tumors. Conclusion At present, CSC theory is still controversial, while it proposed revolutionary methods and directions for the therapy of cancer.
Objective To review the progress in amputation technique of diabetic foot. Methods Recent l iterature concerning the amputation technique of diabetic foot was reviewed and analyzed. Results According to the different levels of the amputation, the diabetic foot’s amputation can be classified as major amputation and minor amputation, and differentkinds of methods can derive from these styles. Different factors should be considered when the style and method of amputation are chosen. Conclusion To the diabetic foot amputation, the general rule is to l imit the amputation level on the premise of the good cl inical effect. The health state, the region of the diabetic foot, the tissue perfusion, the susceptibil ity to infection in local tissue, and the abil ity of wound healing are important factors in selecting the styles and methods of diabetes-related amputations. Importance should be attached to the synthesis treatments of diabetes to prevent the higher level amputation.
This study comprehensively reviews the theoretical foundations, historical development, practical applications, and potential challenges of network meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA-NMA). DTA-NMA, as a method for evaluating and comparing the accuracy of different diagnostic tests, demonstrates its unique value in improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing treatment strategies by integrating direct and indirect evidence, providing crucial support for clinical decision-making. However, despite significant progress in methodology and practice, DTA-NMA still faces multiple challenges in implementation, including enhancing research transparency, integrating diverse evidence, accurately assessing bias risks, presenting and interpreting results, and evaluating evidence quality. In the future, further refinement of reporting standards and evidence grading specific to DTA-NMA research will be crucial for the development of this field, facilitating evidence-based efficient medical decision-making and ultimately improving patient outcomes. This study aims to provide scholars conducting DTA-NMA research with reflection and insights to promote the steady development of this field.
Object ive To summar ize recent advance in the appl icat ion and research of ar t i f icial chordae tendineae. Methods The cl inical and experimental research l iterature was extensively reviewed and analyzed. Results The follow-up results showed that artificial chordae tendineae replacement was superior to other operation methods in valve repair. But, it was compl icated and difficult-to-learn. In recent years with the development of many surgical skills and new techniques, good cl inical results were achieved. Conclusion With the development of surgical equi pment, chordae material, and implanting skills, artificial chordae tendineae implanting will be easier and the scope of appl ication will be larger.