Objective To investigate the feasibility of collecting exhaled breath condensate ( EBC)fromartificially ventilated patients with modified EcoScreen condenser. Methods ①In vitro test with lung simulator: the modified EcoScreen condenser was connected to lung simulator and mechanically ventilated for 60 min through three different types of connected tube as follows: dry ventilator pipe disconnected to humidifier, connected to the unheated humidifier, and connected to heated humidifier.Meanwhile, the changes of the peak pressure of inspiration ( PI) and tidal volume ( VT ) were observed. The volume of condensate was measured at last. ②In vivo test from artificially ventilated patients: 10 patients were artificially ventilated and their EBCs were collected with the modified EcoScreen condenser through dry pipe disconnected to humidifier for 20 min. The changes of PI, VT , respiratory frequency( f) , heart rate( HR) , mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP) , and blood oxygen saturation ( SpO2 ) were observed. Results ①In vitro test with lung simulator: At the end of the ventilating through the dry pipe disconnected to humidifier for 60 min,2. 2 mL condensate wascollected. Neither the change of PI or VT nor the obstruction of the collecting tube by iced condensate were observed. The ventilating through dry pipe connected to unheated humidifier had to stop at 50 min as the obstruction of the collecting tube caused by ice. 5 mL condensate was collected. It was observed that VTdecreased and PI increased. After ventilation through dry pipe connected to heated humidifier for 60 min,10. 5 mL condensate was collected while PI slightly increased and VT decreased. ② In vivo test from artificially ventilated patients: After ventilation through dry pipe disconnected to humidifier for 20 min, 2 mL EBC was collected without significance changes in PI, VT, f, HR, MAP, and SpO2 . Conclusions The modified EcoScreen condenser can be favourably applied to artificially ventilated patients for collecting EBC.It is recommended to performfor 20 min through the pipe disconnected to humidifier to obtain sufficient EBC without condensate dilution and airway obstruction. It is warranted more attention to the clinical and mechanical monitoring in this procedure.
Place cell with location tuning characteristics play an important role in brain spatial cognition and navigation, but there is relatively little research on place cell screening and its influencing factors. Taking pigeons as model animals, the screening process of pigeon place cell was given by using the spike signal in pigeon hippocampus under free activity. The effects of grid number and filter kernel size on the place field of place cells during the screening process were analyzed. The results from the real and simulation data showed that the proposed place cell screening method presented in this study could effectively screen out place cell, and the research found that the size of place field was basically inversely proportional to the number of grids divided, and was basically proportional to the size of Gaussian filter kernel in the overall trend. This result will not only help to determine the appropriate parameters in the place cell screening process, but also promote the research on the neural mechanism of spatial cognition and navigation of birds such as pigeons.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy as a marker for congenital heart defects (CHD). MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2012, middle-low risk pregnant women were prospectively evaluated at the Department of Ultrasound in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University about Nuchal translucency and echocardiography. ResultsNT measurements was performed in 2 443 women from 2 764 pregnancy women, and a total of 2 125 case could be used in data analysis. NT measurement >2.5 mm was found in 68 fetuses, and 11 cases were diagnosed as CHD (prevalence 5.2/1 000). The sensitivity and specificity of NT measurement >2.5 mm for CHD were 45.5% and 87%, respectively. ConclusionIncreasing nuchal translucency might increase the risk of CHD in fetuses, and could be used as a method to diagnosis CHD.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective in reducing the burden of the disease. Participation rate is an important determinant of the magnitude of the effectiveness in population-based CRC screening. We summarize the current status of participation rate across the different organized CRC screening programs in China. The results indicate that the overall participation rates are low, and the acceptance of the screening protocols is poor in Chinese population. We conclude that the associated factors may include the poor health consciousness, low willingness-to-pay for screening, lack of personalized screening strategy and inadequate organization. Studies on the inventions to improve the willingness of screening and participation rate are of high demand and will provide important references in implementing large-scale CRC screening programs in China in the future.
With the popularity and development of artificial intelligence (AI), disease screening systems based on AI algorithms are gradually emerging in the medical field. Such systems can be used for primary screening of diseases to relieve the pressure on primary health care. In recent years, AI algorithms have demonstrated good performance in the analysis and identification of lesion signs in the macular region of fundus color photography, and a screening system for fundus lesion signs applicable to primary screening is bound to emerge in the future. Therefore, to standardize the design and clinical application of the macular region lesion sign screening systems based on AI algorithms, the Ocular Fundus Diseases Group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society, in collaboration with relevant experts, has developed this guideline after investigating issues, discussing production evidence, and holding guideline workshops. This guideline aims to establish uniform standards for the definition of the macular region and lesion signs, AI adoption scenarios, algorithm model construction, datasets establishment and labeling, architecture and functions design, and image data acquisition for the screening system to guide the implementation of the screening work.
During the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, West China Hospital of Sichuan University urgently set up 4 medical tents to conduct centralized screening of fever patients, effectively avoiding cross-infection, and at the same time alleviating the pressure on the Department of Emergency Medicine and improving the efficiency of medical treatment for patients with fever. Later, in order to actively respond to China’s severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection policy, 5 tents were adjusted to carry out the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection. This article introduces the function setting, personnel arrangement and protective measures of medical tents in West China Hospital of Sichuan University during the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019. It aims to share the experience of urgently setting up medical tents in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, with a view to provide a reference for the construction of medical tents in other medical institutions.
ObjectiveTo explore the nutritional status of inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyze the factors affecting nutritional risk, to provide theoretical basis for further nutritional support.MethodsConvenience sampling method was adopted to select 719 inpatients with CKD as research subjects in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province from January to March 2018. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was used for nutritional risk screening, and chi-square test, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of nutritional risk.ResultsAmong the 719 cases, whose average nutritional risk score was 1.79±1.11, 158 cases had nutritional risk, accounting for 22.0%. There were statistically significant differences in nutritional risk score between patients of age<60 years and ≥60 years, between males and females, between patients with CKD stage 1-3 and stage 4-5, between patients with serum albumin level <30 g/L and ≥30 g/L, and between patients with and without anaemia (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the nutritional risk score of CKD patients was negatively correlated to serum albumin level (P=0.016), positively correlated to age (P<0.001), and higher in females than that in males (P=0.001).ConclusionsInpatients with CKD have a higher nutritional risk, with age, gender and serum albumin as the main influencing factors. Based on the above factors, the medical staff should continue to take targeted intervention measures to assess the nutritional status of CKD inpatients early and conveniently, so as to provide scientific basis for further nutritional support and nutritional nursing.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic efficacy of abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging sequence (AMRI) screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the diagnostic efficacy of AMRI screening for HCC from inception to March 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0 software. ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 2 823 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that combined sensitivity and specificity of AMRI for HCC were 0.85 (95%CI 0.83 to 0.87) and 0.93 (95%CI 0.90 to 0.94). Subgroup analysis showed that, the combined sensitivity and specificity of NC AMRI and HBP AMRI were 0.84 (95%CI 0.81 to 0.87), 0.92 (95%CI 0.88 to 0.95) and 0.88 (95%CI 0.84 to 0.91), 0.93 (95%CI 0.91 to 0.94), respectively. The combined sensitivity and specificity of T2+DWI+HBP in HBP AMRI had the highest diagnostic efficacy. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that all AMRI protocols have acceptable sensitivity and specificity for HCC screening. Among them, T2+DWI+HBP protocol shows the highest diagnostic efficiency. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to study the economic effect of five kinds of detection systems for nucleic acid, which were based on five kinds of working electrodes: gold electrode, glassy carbon electrode, carbon paste electrode, screen printing electrode, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass electrode.MethodsThe cost of completing a single test was taken as the cost of economic analysis. The Youden index was used to represent the effect of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Meanwhile, the cost-utility analysis (CUA) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were used for the economic analysis of the corresponding system.ResultsThe cost of five detection systems based on gold electrode, glass carbon electrode, carbon paste electrode, screen printing electrode, and ITO glass electrode was 3.70 yuan/unit, 4.20 yuan/unit, 5.25 yuan/unit, 33.98 yuan/unit and 5.01 yuan/unit, respectively. The Youden indexes of all five systems were 1. The cost effectiveness (C/E) were 3.70, 4.20, 5.25, 33.98, and 5.01, respectively. The cost utility (C/U) were 6.61, 6.89, 9.91, 62.93, and 9.45, respectively. The C'/E and C'/U of the gold electrode detection system were the minimum (2.96 and 5.29). Compared with the system applying the gold electrode, the system using the glassy carbon electrode had ΔC >0 and ∆E0 >0; When carbon paste electrode, screen printing electrode, and ITO glass electrode system were used, ∆C was >0 and ∆E0 was <0.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of CEA and CUA, the system using the gold electrode has the best economic effect. The sensitivity analysis proved the reliability of CEA and CUA results. According to the ICER, gold electrode or glassy carbon electrode can be used in clinical practice with the choice depending on the user.
ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in high risk populations living in metropolitan communities of Beijing. MethodsDuring January 2011 to December 2012,a cross-sectional survey including questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were performed in high risk populations of COPD (aged≥40 years with a history of smoking or chronic bronchitis) at 6 communities in Dongcheng District of Beijing. For those confirmed to have COPD,the dyspnea was rated by the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC),and the frequency of acute exacerbations in the last year was recorded. The patients were classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2011) classification criteria. ResultsA total of 932 individuals,including 689 males (73.9%,aged 60.8±12.5 years) and 243 females(26.1%,aged 59.8±12.1 years),who had risk factors of COPD were included in the screening. COPD was confirmed in 203 patients,with the prevalence of 21.8%,and among whom only 31 cases (15.3%) had been diagnosed as COPD in the past. According to the revised GOLD classification in 2011,96(47.2%),38(18.7%),56(27.5%),and 13(6.4%) patients were classified into group A,B,C and D,respectively. The proportion of subgroup C1 (FEV1%pred <50% and the number of exacerbation in the last year <2) in group C was 71.4% (40/56). ConclusionIn the metropolitan communities of Beijing,screening the population with predisposing factors can increase the early diagnosis of COPD,which is often delayed by the lack of significant symptoms. The high proportion of patients in group C in this population implies that disease screening in high risk populations may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of COPD.