Place cell with location tuning characteristics play an important role in brain spatial cognition and navigation, but there is relatively little research on place cell screening and its influencing factors. Taking pigeons as model animals, the screening process of pigeon place cell was given by using the spike signal in pigeon hippocampus under free activity. The effects of grid number and filter kernel size on the place field of place cells during the screening process were analyzed. The results from the real and simulation data showed that the proposed place cell screening method presented in this study could effectively screen out place cell, and the research found that the size of place field was basically inversely proportional to the number of grids divided, and was basically proportional to the size of Gaussian filter kernel in the overall trend. This result will not only help to determine the appropriate parameters in the place cell screening process, but also promote the research on the neural mechanism of spatial cognition and navigation of birds such as pigeons.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy as a marker for congenital heart defects (CHD). MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2012, middle-low risk pregnant women were prospectively evaluated at the Department of Ultrasound in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University about Nuchal translucency and echocardiography. ResultsNT measurements was performed in 2 443 women from 2 764 pregnancy women, and a total of 2 125 case could be used in data analysis. NT measurement >2.5 mm was found in 68 fetuses, and 11 cases were diagnosed as CHD (prevalence 5.2/1 000). The sensitivity and specificity of NT measurement >2.5 mm for CHD were 45.5% and 87%, respectively. ConclusionIncreasing nuchal translucency might increase the risk of CHD in fetuses, and could be used as a method to diagnosis CHD.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective in reducing the burden of the disease. Participation rate is an important determinant of the magnitude of the effectiveness in population-based CRC screening. We summarize the current status of participation rate across the different organized CRC screening programs in China. The results indicate that the overall participation rates are low, and the acceptance of the screening protocols is poor in Chinese population. We conclude that the associated factors may include the poor health consciousness, low willingness-to-pay for screening, lack of personalized screening strategy and inadequate organization. Studies on the inventions to improve the willingness of screening and participation rate are of high demand and will provide important references in implementing large-scale CRC screening programs in China in the future.
With the popularity and development of artificial intelligence (AI), disease screening systems based on AI algorithms are gradually emerging in the medical field. Such systems can be used for primary screening of diseases to relieve the pressure on primary health care. In recent years, AI algorithms have demonstrated good performance in the analysis and identification of lesion signs in the macular region of fundus color photography, and a screening system for fundus lesion signs applicable to primary screening is bound to emerge in the future. Therefore, to standardize the design and clinical application of the macular region lesion sign screening systems based on AI algorithms, the Ocular Fundus Diseases Group of Chinese Ophthalmological Society, in collaboration with relevant experts, has developed this guideline after investigating issues, discussing production evidence, and holding guideline workshops. This guideline aims to establish uniform standards for the definition of the macular region and lesion signs, AI adoption scenarios, algorithm model construction, datasets establishment and labeling, architecture and functions design, and image data acquisition for the screening system to guide the implementation of the screening work.
During the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, West China Hospital of Sichuan University urgently set up 4 medical tents to conduct centralized screening of fever patients, effectively avoiding cross-infection, and at the same time alleviating the pressure on the Department of Emergency Medicine and improving the efficiency of medical treatment for patients with fever. Later, in order to actively respond to China’s severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection policy, 5 tents were adjusted to carry out the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid detection. This article introduces the function setting, personnel arrangement and protective measures of medical tents in West China Hospital of Sichuan University during the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019. It aims to share the experience of urgently setting up medical tents in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019, with a view to provide a reference for the construction of medical tents in other medical institutions.
ObjectiveTo explore the nutritional status of inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyze the factors affecting nutritional risk, to provide theoretical basis for further nutritional support.MethodsConvenience sampling method was adopted to select 719 inpatients with CKD as research subjects in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province from January to March 2018. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 was used for nutritional risk screening, and chi-square test, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of nutritional risk.ResultsAmong the 719 cases, whose average nutritional risk score was 1.79±1.11, 158 cases had nutritional risk, accounting for 22.0%. There were statistically significant differences in nutritional risk score between patients of age<60 years and ≥60 years, between males and females, between patients with CKD stage 1-3 and stage 4-5, between patients with serum albumin level <30 g/L and ≥30 g/L, and between patients with and without anaemia (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the nutritional risk score of CKD patients was negatively correlated to serum albumin level (P=0.016), positively correlated to age (P<0.001), and higher in females than that in males (P=0.001).ConclusionsInpatients with CKD have a higher nutritional risk, with age, gender and serum albumin as the main influencing factors. Based on the above factors, the medical staff should continue to take targeted intervention measures to assess the nutritional status of CKD inpatients early and conveniently, so as to provide scientific basis for further nutritional support and nutritional nursing.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic efficacy of abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging sequence (AMRI) screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the diagnostic efficacy of AMRI screening for HCC from inception to March 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0 software. ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 2 823 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that combined sensitivity and specificity of AMRI for HCC were 0.85 (95%CI 0.83 to 0.87) and 0.93 (95%CI 0.90 to 0.94). Subgroup analysis showed that, the combined sensitivity and specificity of NC AMRI and HBP AMRI were 0.84 (95%CI 0.81 to 0.87), 0.92 (95%CI 0.88 to 0.95) and 0.88 (95%CI 0.84 to 0.91), 0.93 (95%CI 0.91 to 0.94), respectively. The combined sensitivity and specificity of T2+DWI+HBP in HBP AMRI had the highest diagnostic efficacy. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that all AMRI protocols have acceptable sensitivity and specificity for HCC screening. Among them, T2+DWI+HBP protocol shows the highest diagnostic efficiency. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in high risk populations living in metropolitan communities of Beijing. MethodsDuring January 2011 to December 2012,a cross-sectional survey including questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were performed in high risk populations of COPD (aged≥40 years with a history of smoking or chronic bronchitis) at 6 communities in Dongcheng District of Beijing. For those confirmed to have COPD,the dyspnea was rated by the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC),and the frequency of acute exacerbations in the last year was recorded. The patients were classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2011) classification criteria. ResultsA total of 932 individuals,including 689 males (73.9%,aged 60.8±12.5 years) and 243 females(26.1%,aged 59.8±12.1 years),who had risk factors of COPD were included in the screening. COPD was confirmed in 203 patients,with the prevalence of 21.8%,and among whom only 31 cases (15.3%) had been diagnosed as COPD in the past. According to the revised GOLD classification in 2011,96(47.2%),38(18.7%),56(27.5%),and 13(6.4%) patients were classified into group A,B,C and D,respectively. The proportion of subgroup C1 (FEV1%pred <50% and the number of exacerbation in the last year <2) in group C was 71.4% (40/56). ConclusionIn the metropolitan communities of Beijing,screening the population with predisposing factors can increase the early diagnosis of COPD,which is often delayed by the lack of significant symptoms. The high proportion of patients in group C in this population implies that disease screening in high risk populations may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
ObjectiveTo analyze the perdictive value of Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) for malnutrition or postoperative complications in children with critical congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsA total of 875 children with critical CHD who were hospitalized in West China Hospital, Sichuan University form August 2019 to February 2021, including 442 males and 433 females with a median age of 30 (12, 48) months, were assessed by STAMP in Health Information System. Clinical data of postoperative complications were collected.Results(1) Based on World Health Organization Z-score as gold standard, 24.5% had malnutrition risk, and 34.3% were diagnosed with malnutrition. According to STAMP, the children were with medium malnutrition risk of 37.9% and high malnutrition risk of 62.1%. There was a statistical difference of incidence rate of malnutrition and detection rate of STAMP malnutrition risk in gender, age, ICU stay or length of mechanical ventilation (P<0.05); (2) with the optimal cut-off point of 5.5 in STAMP for malnutrition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve (AUC) were 68.3%, 84.3%, 48.1%, 88.3% and 0.82, respectively; (3) 12.0% of the children were with postoperative complications; (4) with the optimal cut-off point of 5.5 in STAMP for postoperative complications, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and AUC were 83.8%, 73.1%, 18.8%, 99.1% and 0.85, respectively.ConclusionChildren with critical CHD have a higher incidence of malnutrition risk and postoperative complications. STAMP has a good perdictive value for malnutrition or postoperative complications, however, the sensitivity and specificity of STAMP are affected by the gold standard or the cut-off point.
ObjectiveTo sort out the historical evolution of diagnostic screening methods for pancreatic cancer, and to explore how to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in the context of China’s large population base and economic development.MethodsSystematic review was performed. The computer was used to search databases inchuding CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, Web of Science, PubMed and EMbase. Two researchers independently searched Baidu search engine to collect relevant reports on screening methods and effect evaluation of pancreatic cancer published before February 28, 2018, and a qualitative descroption was made.ResultsA total of 117 articles were included in the study. The exploration of screening methods for pancreatic cancer in China has experienced three stages: germination, enlightenment and growth. Current screening methods include clinical manifestations, imaging screening methods, serum tumor markers and molecular biology gene diagnosis, each of which had its advantages and disadvantages. Single method could not achieve higher specificity and sensitivity, and joint detection had become an inevitable trend. Considering the benefit of practical application, screening among high-risk groups could effectively reduce the population size and achieve accurate screening.ConclusionThere was a big gap between domestic and foreign research in screening for pancreatic cancer. Screening methods are diverse, and joint detection is an inevitable trend. Screening for pancreatic cancer in high-risk population will become a breakthrough under the technical bottleneck.