Objective To analyze the hot topics and trends of medical research integrity in China and to provide references for future studies. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched from inception to December 2021. Data on the number of publications, journals, institutions, authors, keywords, and emergent themes were analyzed using bibliometric methods and CiteSpace software. Results A total of 324 studies were included. The results showed that the number of publications increased annually, and "Chinese Journal of Medical Science Research Management" and Peking University were the journal and institution with the most publications, respectively. The three most prolific authors published five studies each, and the publications were mainly concerned with identifying and preventing issues, in addition to education regarding medical research integrity. Conclusion Medical research integrity in China has attracted significant attention. Several leading journals in this research field have emerged; however, there is no clearly dominant research team. The depth and breadth of the research remain to be improved. It is suggested that researchers focus on the effectiveness of strategies for preventing issues, promoting the establishment of the lifelong education system and improving related rules and regulations to advance the development of medical research integrity in China.
Epigenetics refers to the modification effect of external and internal environmental factors on genes under the premise of the unaltered genetic sequence, leading to changes in gene expression level or function, and thereby affecting various phenotypes or disease outcomes. In recent years, epigenetics has attracted increasing attention. Among them, DNA methylation has been shown to be closely related to human development and the development of disease. However, the high-dimensional omics data generated by genome-wide methylation detection can comprehensively reflect the overall and local epigenetic modifications at the genome level, which has become one of the main research contents in this field. Based on genome-wide methylation chip data, this paper summarized the quality control process of this omics data, common epigenetic omics correlation statistical analysis methods and ideas, and visualization realization of main results based on SAS JMP Genomics 10 software, so as to provide reference for similar studies.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend, hotspots and frontiers of diabetic retinopathy (DR) therapy by bibliometric method. MethodsData were taken from the Web of Science website of Science Citation Index. Articles from 2017 to 2021, which were related to the therapy of diabetic retinopathy (DR), were included. The bibliometric analysis softwares, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to generate and analyze visual representations of the complex data input, including high-frequency keywords, keywords with the strongest citation bursts and co-occurrence networks of keywords. ResultsA total of 3,845 articles were included. The amounts of papers published from 2017 to 2021 is 633, 651, 708, 893, and 960 respectively, increasing over years. Chinese scholars published the most articles, followed by the United States. The number of articles funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ranks third. There were 47 high-frequency keywords clustered into DR treatment, pathogenesis of DR, diagnosis of DR, Oxidative stress, diabetic macular edema (DME), type 2 diabetes, optical coherence tomography and deep learning. Those keywords were research hotspots and new keywords were constantly emerging. Among the top 11 burst words, the burst values of “intravitreal bevacizumab”, “vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)”, “choroidal neovascularization”, “inhibition”, and “receptors” were all over 10. Highly cited references showed a significant clustering tendency, which were treatment of DME, review of DR, clinical research of anti-VEGF drug therapy. ConclusionsThe amount of paper related to DR therapy is on the rise; the specific treatment methods for the pathogenesis of DR are constantly research hotspots. In addition, formulating treatment strategies to reduce macular edema and other complications of diabetes, applying optical coherence tomography, deep learning and other technologies to improve the efficiency of DR diagnosis and treatment, improve targeted drug delivery systems, and finding new target points were research frontiers.
ObjectiveTo analyze the hotspots and frontiers of oral lichen planus research by bibliometric methods.MethodsWe searched Web of Science Core Collection database to obtain studies on oral lichen planus from inception to January 1st, 2020. After data extraction, Excel 2016 and CiteSpace software were used to carry out descriptive and visual analysis.ResultsA total of 3 105 articles and reviews were included, and the annual publication volume showed a steady growth trend. The research hotspot terms of oral lichen planus were cancer, lesion, and management of the disease. Moreover, pathogenesis, potentially malignant disorder, classification, and diagnosis were defined as novel research frontiers.ConclusionsThrough the bibliometric method, the research hotspots and frontiers of oral lichen planus are displayed intuitively, which provides references for future research.
ObjectivesTo survey the domestic research situation of evidence-based education through visual studies. To summarize the utilization of education evidence in China and promote the process of evidence-based practice concepts and methods application in social science fields, so as to facilitate the domestic evidence-based research towards more scientific and practical. Methods WanFang Data and CNKI databases were searched to collect evidence-based education literatures from inception to December, 2017. Tableau and UCINET software were used to conduct visual and co-word analysis of study types, regions, staff, time, foundation/government support and key words. The social evidence based research situation was sketched. Results A total of 54 literatures were included. Beijing and Guangdong province published the most literatures, followed by Zhejiang province and Tianjin municipality. The quantity of literatures published in 2014 reached the peak of 11 articles, followed by 2016 and 2017, and relatively few in remaining years. We found that " evidence-based pedagogy” owned the highest frequency through building core keywords matrix. Conclusions Evidence-based education in China is still at an early stage. Introduction and promotion is currently the main content. There exists problems remaining in the development of evidence-based education, for instance disjointedness of theory and practice, regional unbalance, and deficiency of original-research. It is still a long way to go.
Since the concept of digital twin technology has been put forward, after decades of rapid development and wide application, it has not only made great achievements in many fields, but also brought broader prospects for the development of the medical field. As an important trend in the medical industry, digital twin hospitals play multiple roles by connecting physical hospitals and virtual hospitals and benefit the “patient-medical staff-hospital administrators”, highlighting the immeasurable promising application of digital twin technology in smart hospitals. This review takes digital twin technology as an entry point, briefly introduces the progress of its application in various fields, focuses on the characteristics of digital twin technology, practical application cases in hospitals and their limitations, and also looks forward to its future development prospects, aiming to provide certain useful insights and guidance for the future of digital twin hospitals, and also expecting it to play an important role in changing the future of healthcare to a certain extent.
Systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis, as the highest level of evidence-based medicine, are an indispensable part of guiding medical staff to make medical decisions. At the same time, the status of patients as shared decision-making is rising. At present, the results of SR and meta-analysis are mainly presented in the form of effect (relative risk or mean difference) and forest plot. The expression is not intuitive or professional. The process of evidence-based evidence guiding clinical decision-making lags behind, which cannot meet the needs of rapid decision-making. With the continuous progress in artificial intelligence and big data analysis tools, researchers have attempted to introduce visual presentations to improve the timeliness of clinical decision-making. Through the interpretation of the outcomes of SR and meta-analysis, this paper presents different visualization results from the perspective of patients and clinical decision-makers, which not only helps the majority of people without medical background understand clinical evidence more intuitively and participate in the process of clinical decision-making, but also helps improve residents' health literacy, promotes the dissemination and sharing of knowledge, and provides references for further promoting the technology of automatic decision-making system.
It is difficult to distinguish the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) from other tissues inside the IAN canal due to their similar CT values in the X image which are smaller than that of the bones. The direct reconstruction, therefore, is difficult to achieve the effects. The traditional clinical treatments mainly rely on doctors' manually drawing the X images so that some subjective results could not be avoided. This paper proposes the partition reconstruction of IAN canal based on shape features. According to the anatomical features of the IAN canal, we divided the image into three parts and treated the three parts differently. For the first, the directly part of the mandibular, we used Shape-driven Level-set Algorithm Restrained by Local Information (BSLARLI) segment IAN canal. For the second part, the mandibular body, we used Space B-spline curve fitting IAN canal's center, then along the center curve established the cross section. And for the third part, the mental foramen, we used an adaptive threshold Canny algorithm to extract IAN canal's edge to find center curve, and then along it established the cross section similarly. Finally we used the Visualization Toolkit (VTK) to reconstruct the CT data as mentioned above. The VTK reconstruction result by setting a different opacity and color values of tissues CT data can perspectively display the INA canal clearly. The reconstruction result by using this method is smoother than that using the segmentation results and the anatomical structure of mental foramen position is similar to the real tissues, so it provides an effective method for locating the spatial position of the IAN canal for implant surgeries.
Statistical graph is an indispensable part of scientific papers. It is helpful to promote the communication, dissemination, and application of academic achievements by presenting research results intuitively and accurately through standardized and beautiful visual graphs. The safety of a medical intervention is the basic premise of its clinical application, and randomized controlled trial (RCT) as an important design to determine the efficacy and safety of medical interventions, it is extremely important to accurately present the information on the safety outcomes of interventions found therein. However, the research found that the reports of RCTs didn’t adequately use visual graphs to present harms data. In order to promote clinical researchers to better use visual graphs to present harms data, international scholars recently published a consensus study in BMJ, which identified and recommended 10 statistical graphs for presenting harms data in RCTs. In order to facilitate domestic scholars to understand and apply the consensus, this article interprets the consensus and recommendations, and it is expected to provide help for improving the quality of harms visualization in domestic papers of RCTs.
Monitoring airway impedance has significant clinical value in accurately assessing and diagnosing pulmonary function diseases at an early stage. To address the issue of large oscillator size and high power consumption in current pulmonary function devices, this study adopts a new strategy of expiration-driven oscillation. A lightweight and low-power airway impedance monitoring system with integrated sensing, control circuitry, and dynamic feedback system, providing visual feedback on the system’s status, was developed. The respiratory impedance measurement experiments and statistical comparisons indicated that the system could achieve stable measurement of airway impedance at 5 Hz. The frequency spectrum curves of respiratory impedance (R and X) showed consistent trends with those obtained from the clinical pulmonary function instrument, specifically the impulse oscillometry system (IOS). The differences between them were all less than 1.1 cm H2O·s/L. Additionally, there was a significant statistical difference in the respiratory impedance R5 between the exercise and rest groups, which suggests that the system can measure the variability of airway resistance parameters during exercise. Therefore, the impedance monitoring system developed in this study supports subjects in performing handheld, continuous measurements of dynamic changes in airway impedance over an extended period of time. This research provides a foundation for further developing low-power, portable, and even wearable devices for dynamic monitoring of pulmonary function.