Objective To evaluate the association between the Thr241Met polymorphism in the XRCC3 gene and the risk of lung cancer in Chinese population by meta-analysis. Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched to identify domestic and foreign case-control studies concerning the association between Thr241Met polymorphism in XRCC3 gene and the risk of lung cancer in Chinese population from the inception to August 20th, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed quality. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software and Stata 10.0 software. Results A total of 5 case-control studies involved 2 999 lung cancer cases and 2 994 controls were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, Chinese population who carry the variant genotype or allele had no increased risk of lung cancer: Met/Met vs. Thr/Thr: OR=1.00, 95%CI (0.38, 2.59), P=0.99; Met/Met vs. Thr/Met: OR=1.06, 95%CI (0.83, 1.36), P=0.63; Met/Met vs. Thr/Met+Thr/Thr: OR=0.99, 95%CI (0.38, 2.57), P=0.98; Thr/Met+Met/Met vs. Thr/Thr: OR=1.06, 95%CI (0.82, 1.37), P=0.65; Met vs. Thr: OR=1.05, 95%CI (0.82, 1.35), P=0.68. Conclusion Currently, Thr241Met polymorphism in the XRCC3 gene is not found to be associated with the risk of lung cancer in Chinese population. Considering the limited quality of the included case-control studies, more high quality studies with large sample size are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on the excessive expansion speed and blood supply of myocutaneous flap. Methods Seven adult Guizhou minipigs of clean grade were included, female or male and weighing 16-20 kg. The 2.4 mL BTXA solution (96 U) was injected in cutaneous muscle (24 points) of one side as experimental group (n=7), the 2.4 mL saline in the other side as control group (n=7). Two expanders (200mL) were implanted beneath the cutaneous muscle on the bilateral flank of each pig symmertrically at 3 days after injection. One week later, the expanders were filled with saline every 4 days with an intracapsular pressure of 11.97 kPa, and accumulative total amounted to 400 mL for 3 weeks in control group and 5 weeks in experimental group. Then the expanders were taken out; the myocutaneous flaps formed and were sutured in situ. The myocutaneous flaps were cut for histological examination and capillary count. The expansion speed of the myocutaneous flap were recorded. The blood supply of the myocutaneous flap were observed by infrared thermography at 1 week after implantation expanders, before removing the expanders, and at 5 days after myocutaneous flap suture in situ. Results All the animals survived to the end of the experiment. The total expansion time was (54.0 ± 3.1) days in experimental group and (67.0 ± 3.9) days in control group, showing significant difference (t= —8.107, P=0.000). All myocutaneous flaps survived after being sutured in situ. Infrared thermograhy revealed that the temperature of the distal myocutaneous flap in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group at 1 week after implantation of expanders (P lt; 0.05); at 5 days after myocutaneous flap suture in situ, the temperature of the central flap in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P lt; 0.05); and there was no significant difference between 2 groups at the other time points (P gt; 0.05). The histological observation showed that the blood vessel density of the dermal layer and tissue between the capsule and the muscle layer in experimental group was significantly higher than those in control group (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion When excessive expansion is performed, BTXA can accelerate the expansion rate and improve the blood supply of expanded myocutaneous flaps.
ObjectiveTo observe and compare the cytological and biological differences between human normal and degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP), and to investigate the repair effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IFG-1) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on human degenerated NP.MethodsHuman degenerative and normal NP tissues were obtained from operative patients, a portion of which were processed into tissue sections and HE staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) before and after degeneration of NP. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to determine the expression levels of collagen type Ⅰ, collagen type Ⅱ, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) proteins. Another portion of tissues were isolated and cultured and NPCs morphology was observed under inverted microscope. Western blot analysis was used to detect collagen type Ⅱ protein expression. Then, the gene transfection experiments were launched, including 4 groups, with group A designed as degenerated NPCs only, and groups B, C, and D of degenerated NPCs transfected with IGF-1 gene lentiviral particles, PDGF gene lentiviral particles, and lentiviral particles carrying IGF-1 and PDGF double genes, respectively. At 21 days after transfection, the cell morphology of each group was observed under inverted microscope, the positive rates of IGF-1 and PDGF of each group were measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of collagen type Ⅱ protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot.ResultsHE staining showed that there were a large number of notochordal cells and a small number of chondrocytes in the central NP tissue of normal group, while the NPCs in degeneration group were significantly reduced, and a large proportion of fibrocartilage tissues were found in NP tissue. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the percentages of collagen type Ⅰ and Bax protein-positive cells in degeneration group were significantly higher than those of normal group, while the percentages of collagen type Ⅱ and Bcl-2 protein-positive cells were significantly lower than those of normal group (P<0.05). Western blot showed that the relative expression level of collagen type Ⅱ protein in degeneration group was significantly lower than that in normal group (t=65.493, P=0.000). At 21 days after gene transfection, compared with group A, the cell viability of groups B, C, and D increased and the morphology became more regular. Flow cytometry showed that the percentages of IGF-1-positive cells in groups B and D were significantly higher than that in group A, and the percentages of PDGF-positive cells in groups C and D were significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the positive stainings of collagen type Ⅱ in groups A, B, C, and D was (±), (+), (+), and (++), respectively. Western blot showed that the relative expression of collagen type Ⅱ protein in groups A, B, C, and D increased by degrees, and the differences between groups were significant (P<0.05).ConclusionBoth IGF-1 and PDGF can reverse the degeneration of intervertebral discs NPCs and they have synergistic effects, providing experimental basis for its application in clinical treatment approaches for degenerative disc disease.
Objective To review the osteogenic mechanism and osteogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) so as to provide the basis for further research of BMP-6. Methods The related articles about the osteogenic mechanism and the osteogenic effects of BMP-6 in experimental animals were extensively summarized. Results BMP-6 from bone matrix can transduct the osteogenic signal to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by means of Smad protein signal transduction pathway. And the BMSCs which received the signals will differentiate into osteoblasts and chondroblasts. Therefore, BMP-6 plays an important role in the development and maturation of bone and cartilage. In addition, BMP-6 has a close relation with bone diseases, such as fracture, osteoporosis, and bone tumor. Conclusion The deep research of BMP-6 is expected to provide a new therapeutic approach for treating bone diseases of nonunion, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis.
Correlation between nonlinear subharmonic scattering of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles and ambient pressure is expected to be used for local brain tissue pressure monitoring. Although high-frequency ultrasound has achieved high-resolution imaging of intracranial microvessels, the research on high-frequency subharmonic scattering characteristics of microbubbles is insufficient at present, which restricts the research progress of estimating local brain tissue pressure based on high-frequency subharmonic scattering of microbubbles. Therefore, under the excitation of 10 MHz high-frequency ultrasound, the effects of different acoustic pressures and ambient pressures on the high-frequency subharmonic scattering characteristics of three different ultrasound contrast agents including SonoVue, Sonazoid and Huashengxian were investigated in this in vitro study. Results showed that the subharmonic scattering amplitudes of the three microbubbles increased with the increase of ambient pressure at the peak negative acoustic pressures of 696, 766 and 817 kPa, and there was a favorable linear correlation between subharmonic amplitude and ambient pressure. Under the above three acoustic pressures, the highest correlation coefficient of SonoVue was 0.948 (P = 0.03), the highest sensitivity of pressure measurement was 0.248 dB/mm Hg and the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.64 mm Hg. Sonazoid's highest correlation coefficient was 0.982 (P < 0.01), the highest sensitivity of pressure measurement was 0.052 dB/mm Hg and the minimum RMSE was 1.51 mm Hg. The highest correlation coefficient of Huashengxian was 0.969 (P = 0.02), the highest sensitivity of pressure measurement was 0.098 dB/mm Hg and the minimum RMSE was 2.00 mm Hg. The above in vitro experimental results indicate that by selecting ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles and optimizing acoustic pressure, the correlation between high-frequency subharmonic scattering of microbubbles and ambient pressure can be improved, the sensitivity of pressure measurement can be upgraded, and the measurement error can be reduced to meet the clinical demand for local brain tissue pressure measurement, which provided an important experimental basis for subsequent research in vivo.
Objective To investigate and compare the different surgical strategies for typeⅠpulmonary atresia with ventricular septum defect (PA/VSD) and the outcomes of postoperative prognosis in early stage. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 61 typeⅠPA/VSD patients (40 males, 21 females) with a median age of 249 days (range, 13 days-19 years) in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute from January 2005 to December 2014 . Among them, 42 patients (27 males, 15 females) with a median age of 11.11 months, ranging from 0.80–211.70 months received radical surgery as a radical surgery group. And 19 patients (13 males, 6 females) with a median age of 2.96 months, ranging from 0.47–161.83 months underwent palliative surgery as a palliative surgery group. We compared the two surgeries and their early outcomes. Results The mean postoperative oxygen saturation was 88.08%±9.64%, which showed significant improvement compared with preoperative oxygen saturation of 74.08%±12.99% (P＜0.05). Patients in the palliative surgery group had a lower body temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass and more respiratory complications than those in the radical surgery group (24.69 °C±3.11 °C vs. 27.18 °C±2.10 °C). Conclusion Both radical and palliative surgeries are good for the increase of pulmonary blood volume and the development of pulmonary vessels. Surgeons must pay more attention to choosing radical surgery for the babies, which is only considerd for those with well developed pulmonary arteries.
Objective To review the clinical experience of one-stage repair of interrupted aortic arch(IAA) in neonate with cardiac anomalies. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 21 patients (18 males, 3 females) with IAA total repair in our hospital between May 2003 and September 2014. The average age of patients was 6–26 (15.9±5.8) days and the mean body weight was 3.3±0.4 kg. Fourteen patients belonged to IAA type A, and 7 patients to type B. All patients were complicated with ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus artefious. All patients with cardiac anomalies underwent one-stage repair through median sternotomy. The aortic continuity was reestablished by anastomosis between the descending aortic segment and aortic arch. Results CPB time was 92–174 (132.6±27.1) min, and aortic cross clamping time was 48-118 (70.9±18.8) min. Hospital day was 4-52 (28.0±12.1) d. There were 3 postoperative deaths. Causes of death included a cardiac arrest in one patient, hematosepsis in one patient, and a pulmonary hypertension crisis in one patient. Eighteen patients were followed up for 3 months to 11 years and the results were excellent. Conclusion One-stage repair of IAA in neonate with cardiac anomalies can improve life quality of patients and achieve good results.
Objective To observe the effect of Melittin on collagen type II (Col-II) expression of rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs) induced by interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Methods Primary EPCs from the lumbar vertebra of 4-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were culturedin vitro and identified by morphological observation, toluidine blue staining and Col-II immunofluorescence staining. Then, MTT assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of IL-1 and Melittin. Next, EPCs at passage 3 were randomly divided into 4 groups: no treatment was done in group A as control group; the optimal concentration of IL-1β, Melittin, and both IL-1β and Melittin were used in groups B, C, and D respectively. The expression of Col-II was detected by Western blot after 48 hours intervention. Results Under inverted microscope, the first generation EPCs were polygonal; cell proliferation decreased after fifth generation, and cell morphology changed into fusiform. The acidic mucosubstance in the cytoplasm (such as Aggrecan) was stained dark blue by toluidine blue. After marking Col-II by immunofluorescence, the positive expression of cytoskeleton (green fluorescence) could be observed. MTT assay showed that IL-1β and Melittin could inhibit the EPCs in a dose-dependent manner after intervention of 24 and 48 hours, and the optimal concentrations of IL-1β and Melittin intervention were 10 ng/mL and 1.0 μg/mL respectively. Compared with group A, the expression of Col-II was significantly reduced in group B, and was significantly increased in group C by Western blot assay, but there was no significant difference between group D and group A. The Col-II expression levels of groups A, B, C, and D were 0.991±0.024, 0.474±0.127, 1.913±0.350, and 1.159±0.297 respectively, showing significant difference between the other groups (P<0.05) except between group A and group D (P>0.05). Conclusion Melittin has a protective effect on endplate cartilage, and the research results provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of spinal degenerative disease.
Objective To explore the feasibility of using high-definition thoracoscopy to identify sympathetic ganglia during endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. MethodsThe clinical data of patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent thoracoscopic sympathectomy in Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital from June to July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. At the same time, the operation video of patients with previous fluorescent thoracoscopic surgery was retrospectively analyzed.Results Finally 100 patients were collected, including 54 females and 46 males, with an average age of 21.92±6.56 years. Five patients were intravenously administered with indocyanine green before operation. During operation, the rate of ganglion display was 92.5% (740/800), the rate of ganglion variation was 32.0% (237/740), and the improvement rate of hand sweat was 100.0% (100/100). In 5 patients with near-infrared fluorescence imaging, the coincidence rate between the ganglion identified under white light and the ganglion displayed by fluorescence was 100.0% (38/38). The display rate of ganglion under white light was 95.5% (107/112), and the display rate under near infrared fluorescence imaging was 96.4% (108/112), and the coincidence rate was 99.1% (107/108). Conclusion With the wide clinical application of high-definition thoracoscopy, accurate thoracic sympathectomy has the feasibility of clinical application.
ObjectiveTo compare the short-term outcomes between Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and McKeown esophagectomy under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for thoracic middle-lower esophageal carcinoma and to investigate the optimal approach.MethodsThe relevant literatures (from database foundation to March 2016) comparing minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy were searched through PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of 870 patients in 5 studies were reviewed and data were pooled for analysis. The score of Newcastle Ottawa for the literatures was 7-8 points. The results showed that compared with the McKeown group, Ivor Lewis group had shorter operation time (WMD=–34.67, 95% CI –53.70 to –15.65, P=0.000 4), less recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.44, P<0.000 01), anastomotic leakage (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.41, P<0.000 01), anastomotic stenosis (OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.55, P=0.000 01), and pulmonary complications ( OR=0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.43, P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative stay, hospitalization cost and chylothorax incidence. The McKeown group was associated with much more lymph nodes dissection (WMD=–1.16, 95% CI –2.00 to –0.31,P=0.007) than the Ivor Lewis group.ConclusionCompared with McKeown esophagectomy combined with thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, Ivor Lewis esophagectomy combined with thoracoscopy and laparoscopy has some advantages for thoracic middle-lower esophageal carcinoma, but a greater number of lymph nodes are dissected in McKeown procedure.