Objective To summarize the research progress of magnetic-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCCE) in application for gastric diseases. Method By searching the literatures in domestic and foreign database, the latest literatures on the application of MCCE for gastric diseases were reviewed. Results Compared with traditional gastroscopy, the diagnostic accuracy of MCCE was comparable to that of traditional gastroscopy, and there was no serious complications had been reported in use of MCCE. In addition, MCCE had advantages of comfort, safety, and prevention of cross-infection. However, it could not be used for biopsy and treatment. With the constant technical innovation, application of MCCE would be more extensive in future. Conclusions The diagnostic accuracy of MCCE in gastric diseases is high. Compared with traditional gastroscopy, it has more advantages. The shortcomings of MCCE can be improved with the development of science and technology, and it can be used for the initial screening of gastric diseases.
Objective To summarize the progress in related basic research of molecular targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Method The relevant literatures on oncogenes, epigenome, tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy in recent years at home and abroad were reviewed. ResultsIn basic research, molecularly targeted drugs had shown some efficacy in the treatment of progression of pancreatic cancer, however, in clinical trials, more satisfactory results were not achieved. Conclusion Molecularly targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer are still at a preliminary stage of exploration, and basic research has not yet been effectively translated clinically, which requires further exploration efforts in subsequent studies to provide a more solid and reliable basis for precise treatment of pancreatic cancer and achieve better clinical benefits.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current status of research in nutritional support for glutamine after hepatectomy.MethodThe literatures on nutritional support of glutamine after hepatectomy in recent years were reviewed by searching domestic and foreign literatures.ResultsThe administration of glutamine up-regulated the expression of liver regeneration genes after partial hepatectomy in malnourished rats, and then stimulated cell mitosis by paracrine and endocrine cells, affecting the uptake of amino acids by hepatocytes and intestinal cells, and promoting hepatocyte proliferation. In clinical applications, glutamine could improve postoperative liver function and immune function, reduce the incidence of infectious complications, then relatively shorten the length of hospital stay, and improve the clinical outcome of patients.ConclusionGlutamine is beneficial to the recovery of liver function and has clinical application value.
Objective To explore the application of nutritional and inflammatory markers in the prognosis assessment of resectable pancreatic cancer, and to provide new ideas for the prognosis assessment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Method The recent studies on nutritional and inflammatory markers for prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer at home and abroad were reviewed. Results Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy was the preferred treatment for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Poor nutritional status and severe systemic inflammatory response were closely related to postoperative tumor recurrence and other poor prognosis. Nutritional and inflammatory markers played an important role in evaluating the prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Nutritional and inflammatory markers, as simple and economical prognostic indicators, have broad clinical application prospects in the prognostic assessment of resectable pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of the relationship between biliary flora and cholangiocarcinoma.MethodThe literatures on the relationship between biliary flora and cholangiocarcinoma were collected and reviewed.ResultsBiliary flora was closely related to the occurrence and development of biliary tract diseases. The inflammatory environment of the biliary tract was an important factor in the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma. Microbes might induce chronic inflammation of the host tissue, leading to cell proliferation and genetic mutation, and ultimately leading to the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma. Bacterial infection might play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma.ConclusionThe study of the role of biliary flora in the development of cholangiocarcinoma may open up a new direction for the prevention and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of different enteral nutrition timing on patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsPubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were searched to collect RCTs for nutritional support in pancreaticoduodenectomy patients. The search time was established until March 1 2019. After two independent investigators conducted literature screening, data extraction, and evaluation of the risk of bias in the included studies, a meta-metabolic analysis was performed using the R 3.5.3 software gemtc package, JAGS 3.4.0, and Revman software.ResultsA total of 8 RCTs were included, for a total of 825 patients. The results of reticular meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the duration of hospitalization for patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy, between the enteral nutrition supported at different timing. The results of the ranking probability map suggested that preoperative enteral nutrition was a better option for supporting nutrition in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy, secondly, timing to give was 24–48 hours after operation.ConclusionsAccording to the results of mesh meta-analysis and probabilistic ranking, the nutritional status of patients is corrected before surgery, and the effect of enteral nutrition is better than other nutritional support methods. Secondly, enteral nutrition should be given at 24–48 hours after operation in combination with ESPEN and ERAS recommendations.
【Abstract】Objective To study the correlation between focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and biological behavior of invasion and metastasis in gastric carcinoma. MethodsThe immunoreactivity of FAK was revealed by immunohistochemical method in gastric carcinoma tissues,canceradjacent tissues, normal gastric mucosa,and 200 regional lymph nodes in 50 collected specimens when radical resection of gastric carcinoma were carried out. ResultsThe percentage of FAK bly positive immunoreactivity were 10.0%（5/50）， 20.0%（10/50） and 78.0%（39/50） in normal gastric mucosa， cancer-adjacent tissues and gastric carcinoma tissues respectively. The b immunoreactivity was obviously higher in gastric carcinoma tissues than that in normal gastric mucosa or canceradjacent tissues (P＜0.01). There were no difference between normal gastric mucosa and canceradjacent tissues (Pgt;0.05). The percentage of bly positive immunoreactivity of FAK were 68.8%（22/32） and 33.3%（6/18） in cases with metastasis and without metastasis of lymph node respectively. The immunoreactivity of FAK in cases with metastasis of lymph node was significantly higher than that without metastasis of lymph node (P＜0.05).The b immunoreactivity of FAK were 87.2%（136/156） and 40.9%(18/44) in withmetastatic lymph node and withoutmetastatic lymph node. The immunoreactivity of FAK in withmetastatic lymph node was significantly higher than that withoutmetastatic lymph node （P＜0.01）. The percentage of FAK bly positive immunoreactivity showed correlation with the cellular differentiation and depth of infiltration of gastric carcinoma. The deeper infiltration and lower differentiation, the ber expression rate was obtained (P＜0.05), which showed no correlation with Borrmann type, location and size of tumor (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionIncreased immunoreactivity of FAK is an important role of invasion and metastasis for gastric carcinoma cells. Detection of FAK expression in cancer tissues can be helpful to understand the carcinogenic biological behavior of gastric carcinoma as well as to make judgment and treatment of prognosis of patients.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the detection and significance of micrometastasis in lymph nodes of periampullary carcinoma. MethodsThe immunoreactivity of CK19, CK7 and CK18 in 220 lymph nodes from 60 patients who had been carried out radical resection of periampullary carcinoma were revealed by immunohistochemical method. Combining with clinical data and the followup result discussion and analysis were made. All the lymph nodes collected from January 1997 to August 2004 in this hospital were examined to be nonlymphonodus metastasis by histological HE stain. The criterion of positive CK was established and micrometastasis will be diagnosed if CKs revealed to be positive combining with the morphological changes of lymph node tissue through the observation of microscope. ResultsFortythree of 220 lymph nodes of periampullary carcinoma had been micro metastasized. The detection rates of micrometastasis were 19.55%（43/220）， 14.55%（32/220）and 11.36%（25/220） with CK19，CK7 and CK18 antibody, respectively, which meant that CK19 were better than CK18 for detection of micrometastasis. Detection rates of CK7， CK19 were higher in Ⅲ， Ⅳ stage than inⅠ， Ⅱ（P＜0.05）, whereas it had no relationship with gender, age and tumor differentiation degree. The oneyear survival rate for micrometastasis patients was lower than nonmicrometastasis patients’ (P＜0.05). Conclusion Micrometastasis of periampullary carcinoma may be the early stage of tumor metastasia. The CK antibodies are significant levels to detect micrometastasis of periampullary carcinoma and to guide the clinical treatment and prognostic judgment.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for acute lung injury(ALI) after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) and to explore the prevention and cure scheme.MethodsThe risk factors responsible for ALI in 4 patients undergoing OLT were analyzed with retrospective investigation.ResultsPortal pulmonary hypertension, longterm mechanical ventilation, severe infection, SIRS, hypercoagulability, overdose transfusion and kidney dysfunction were risk factors for ALI.ConclusionALI frequently occurred after OLT. Reducing and diminishing the risk factors is very important to avoid ALI after OLT.
ObjectiveTo study the expression of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) and its clinical significance in gastric carcinoma. MethodsThe expression of COX2 in 47 cases of gastric carcinoma and 16 cases of normal gastric tissue were detected by SP immunohistochemical technique. Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection was diagnosed by urease experiment and Giemsa staining.ResultsThere was no positive signal of COX2 detected in normal gastric tissue. The positive expression rate of COX2 was 63.8%(30/47) in gastric carcinoma.The expression of COX2 was correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and H.pylori infection（P＜0.01）. Positive COX2 expression rate in H.pylori infection group was 72.4%(21/29), significantly higher than that in the group without H.pylori infection.Conclusion COX2 expression is involved in the carcinogenesis and malignant progression of gastric carcinoma.The examination of COX2 may be helpful to judge biological behavior of gastric carcinoma.