【Abstract】ObjectiveTo construct eukaryotic expression vector pSecTag2/HygroB-CD59 of human CD59 and transfect NIH3T3 cells after encapsulated by chitosan. MethodsThe human CD59 fragments were obtained by PCR form CD59-pGEM-T Easy Vector, cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pSecTag2/HygroB, identified by restriction endonuclease’s digestion and DNA sequencing. After the particles of pSecTag2/HygroB-CD59 were encapsulated by chitosan, the NIH3T3 cells were transfected by chitosanCD59 nanoparticles and detected CD59 expression by immunohistochemistry stain. ResultsThe CD59 fragment was 312 bp. Its sequence was as same as CD59 cDNA in Genbank. After having been transfected by chitosan-CD59 nanoparticles in 24 hours, the 3T3 cells showed diffusely positive in the cytoplasms by anti-CD59 immunohistochemistry. ConclusionThe eukaryotic expression vector of human CD59 is constructed and transfected to NIH3T3 cells after encapsulated by chitosan. It will be very helpful for further study on transgenic livers.
Objective To analysis the original articles published in Chinese Journal of Urology and to evaluate the present situation of the clinical and scientific research in the field of urology, providing clue to raise the clinical and scientific research level. Methods Chinese Journal of Urology and Journal of Urology in American were hand-searched and all original articles were divided into eight types and were identified and analyzed. The classes include descriptive studies, therapeutic studies, studies on diagnosis, etiology, prognosis etc. Results The decreased trend year by year were observed for the descriptive studies (χ2=286.179, Plt;0.005), number of such publications accounting for 71.90% in 1980-1984 down to 26.48% in 1999-2001. Number of randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials present distinct increasing trend, especially number of RCT increased from none in 1980-1984 to thirteen articles in 1995-1998. The proportion of laboratory research in all original articles have increased greatly and have exceeded that of Journal of Urology. Conclusions The clinical and scientific research level of urology have been elevating in our country, the constituent ratio of descriptive studies is decreasing and that of RCT and CCT is increasing. The constituent ratio of laboratory research has increased greatly and has exceeded that of similar foreign Journal in some years. Attention needs to be paid to this trend and mechanism of it should be further explored.
ObjectiveTo study the effect of titanium particles on the proliferation, differentiation, and cytomorphology of osteoblasts, and to explore the possible internal relations and mechanism. MethodsCalvarial osteoblasts were separated from 10 newborn Sprague Dawley rats by repeated enzyme digestion, and were cultured in vitro. The cells were identified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining. The cells at passage 3 were cultured with titanium particles culture medium at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL groups). The absorbance (A) values were detected by cell counting kit 8 at 7 days after cultured to compare the effect of titanium particles at different concentrations on proliferation, and median lethal concentration was screened out. The expression of collagen type I was detected by ELISA to observe the effect of titanium particles on differentiation. The osteoblasts co-cultured with titanium particles of median lethal concentration (experimental group) for 7 days, and double fluorescence staining with FITC-phalloidine and propidium iodide was performed. The cytomorphology variation of osteoblasts after swallowing titanium particles was observed under laser scanning confocal microscope. The osteoblasts at passage 3 cultured with culture medium without titanium particles served as control group. ResultsThe cultured cells were identified as osteoblasts by ALP staining and alizarin red staining. Different concentrations of titanium particles could inhibit osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation in varying degrees, showing significant difference when compared with the control group at 7 days after culture (P<0.05). The cell proliferation and differentiation were decreased with increased titanium particles concentration; significant differences were found between the other groups (P<0.05) except 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL groups (P>0.05). The median lethal concentration of titanium particles was 0.5 mg/mL. Laser scanning confocal microscope showed cellular shrinking, microfilaments distortion, pseudopodia contraction of osteoblasts that swallowed titanium particles in the experimental group. ConclusionTitanium particles can inhibit proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. The effect may be related to variation of cytomorphology after swallowing titanium particles.
The development and progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis are closely related to changes of hemodynamics parameters. Ultrasonic pulse wave Doppler technique is normally used for noninvasively blood flow imaging. However, this technique only provides one-dimensional velocity and depends on the angle between the ultrasound beam and the local velocity vector. In this study, ultrasonic particle image velocimetry method was used to assess whole field hemodynamic changes in normal blood vessels. By using the polynomial fitting method, we investigated the velocity gradient and assessed the shear in different blood flow velocity of 10 healthy rats. It was found that using four polynomial fitting could result in optimal measurement results. The results obtained by ultrasonic particle image velocimetry accorded with the results obtained using Doppler technique. The statistical average of cyclical vessel wall shear stress was positively related to the locational mean velocity. It is proven that ultrasonic particle image velocimetry method could be used to assess directly the real-time whole field hemodynamic changes in blood vessels and was non-invasively, and should be a good prosperous technique for monitoring complex blood flow in stenotic arteries.
ObjectiveTo investigate the applicated value of carbon nanoparticle lymphatic tracer in laparoscopic assisted radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. MethodsForty-two patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to the Department of General Surgery in The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March to September in 2014, were collected prospectively and randomly divided into two groups (carbon nanoparticle group and control group), each group enrolled in 21 cases. After improving relevant auxiliary inspection, subserosal injection of carbon nanoparticle around the tumor was performed via venous infusion needle laparoscopically at the beginning of surgery in carbon nanoparticle group, while the patients routinely underwent laparoscopic assisted radical gastrectomy in control group. Comparison of the results of harvested lymph nodes and its detection time between the two groups was performed, and the perioperative complications were also evaluated. ResultsA total of 678 lymph nodes were detected in carbon nanoparticle group and 447 lymph nodes were detected in control group. The number of harvested lymph nodes in carbon nanoparticle group (32.28±4.10) was significantly higher than that of control group (21.28±2.74), P < 0.05. The mean harvest time in carbon nanoparticle group was shorter than that of control group[(24.09± 3.58) min vs. (32.76±4.76) min, P < 0.05]. The proportion of harvested small lymph node (≤5 mm) in carbon nanoparticle group was higher than that of control group[71.68% (486/678) vs. 48.99% (219/447), P < 0.01]. The number of black-dyed harvested lymph node was 506 (74.63%) and the metastasis rate of black-dyed lymph node was 26.28% (133/506) in carbon nanoparticle group, that the metastasis rate of black-dyed lymph node group was significantly higher than those of without black-dyed lymph node group[6.40% (11/172)] and control group[19.24% (86/447)], P < 0.05. No serious side effect caused by carbon nanoparticle was observed. ConclusionsThe application of diluted carbon nanoparticle lymphatic tracer has a good effect in the dissection of lymph nodes in laparoscopic assisted radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. It improves the detection rate of lymph nodes, especially the small lymph nodes, and it is safe and feasible.
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHAP) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its mechanisms. MethodsThe literatures about the effect of nHAP on HCC were reviewed and summarized. ResultsAs a new nanoparticle, nHAP could suppress the DNA synthesis and subsequent division and proliferation of HCC cells through the inhibition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and telomerase gene expression and increase of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, nHAP was able to suppress the differentiation and metastases of HCC cells through the effect on the expressions of Paxillin and P130cas and the decrease of expressions of multiple drug resistance gene protein, microvessel density, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, nHAP induced the apoptosis of HCC tumor cells by the regulation of bcl-2 and bax protein expressions. The combined use of nHAP and chemoembolization drugs could enhance the efficacy, prolong drug duration and reduce toxicity. ConclusionnHAP can inhibit the division, proliferation, differentiation, and metastases, and promote the apoptosis of HCC cells and combined use with chemoembolization drugs can enhance the efficacy and reduce toxicity.
Objective To assess the applied significance of carbon nanoparticles in central compartment lymph node dissection in treatment of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods Sixty-eight patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma who were treated in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from May. to Oct. in 2012 were randomly allocated to the control group （n=32） and the carbon nanoparticles trace group （tracer group， n=36）， receiving non-carbon nanoparticles trace and carbon nanoparticles trace respectively. All patients were received total resection of thyroid plus the affected side and （or） contralateral side central compartment lymph node dissection. The lymph node-related indexes（including number of dissected lymph node at Ⅵarea and lymph node metastasis rate at Ⅵarea） and operative indexs （including operation time， blood loss， drainage time， complication， and hospital stay） were collected and compared between the 2 groups. Results There were 205 and 324 dissected lymph node at central compartment in control group and tracer group respectively. The results of postoperative pathology showed that the number of lymph node in central compartment of the tracer group was much more than those of control group （8.99±2.24 vs. 6.41±1.56， P＜0.001）. The metastasis rate of central compartment lymph node were 40.6% （13/32） in control group and 47.2% （17/36） in tracer group， but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups （P=0.762）. But in medial area of laryngeal recurrent nerve， the metastasis rate in the tracer group （38.9%， 14/36） was much higher than those of control group （12.5%， 4/32）， P=0.029. There were no significant differences in the operation time， blood loss， drainage time， hospital stay， and complication incidence such as bleeding， temporary hypocalcemia， and injury of superior laryngeal nerve between 2 groups （P＞0.05）. All the patients in 2 groups had followed-up for 6 months without death， recurrence， and metastasis.Conclusions The lymphatic tracer technique of carbon nanoparticles may improve the number of dissected lymph nodes in central region of cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma， without increasing （or prolonging） operation time， intraoperative blood loss， and postoperative hospital stay， and can accurately represent the metastasis of lymph node， thus to make the staging of the tumor accurately and guide postoperative treatment.
Objective To analyze the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and establish BP neural network model for screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Methods Inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Department of Endocrinology of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between July 2021 and August 2022 were selected as the case group and healthy people in the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University as the control group. Basic information and physical and laboratory examination indicators were collected for comparative analysis. PSO-BP neural network model, BP neural network model and logistic regression models were established using MATLAB R2021b software and the optimal screening model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was selected. Based on the optimal model, the mean impact value algorithm was used to screen the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results A total of 1 053 patients were included in the case group and 914 healthy peoples in the control group. Except for type of salt, family history of comorbidities, body mass index, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and staple food intake (P>0.05), the other indexes showed significant differences between the two groups. The performance of the PSO-BP neural network model outperformed the BP neural network model and the logistic regression model. Based on PSO-BP neural network model, the mean impact value algorithm showed that the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus were fasting blood glucose , heart rate, age , waist-arm ratio and marital status , and the protective factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus were high density lipoprotein cholestero, vegetable intake, residence, education level, fruit intake and meat intake. Conclusions There are many influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Focus should be placed on high-risk groups and regular disease screening should be carried out to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. The screening model of PSO-BP neural network performs the best, and it can be extended to the early screening and diagnosis of other diseases in the future.
Objective To investigate the cl inical effect of Meek technique skin graft in treating exceptionally large area burns. Methods The cl inical data were retrospectively analysed from 10 cases of exceptionally large area burns treated with Meek technique skin graft from April 2009 to February 2010 (Meek group), and were compared with those from 10 casesof exceptionally large area burns treated with the particle skin with large sheet of skin allograft transplantation from January 2002 to December 2006 (particle skin group). In Meek group, there were 8 males and 2 females with an average age of 34.5 years (range, 5-55 years), including 6 cases of flame burns, 2 cases of hot l iquid burns, 1 case of electrical burn, and 1 case of hightemperature dust burn. The burn area was 82.6% ± 3.1% of total body surface area (TBSA). The most were deep II degree to III degree burns. The time from burn to hospital ization was (3.5 ± 1.3) hours. In particle skin group, there were 8 males and 2 females with an average age of 36.8 years (range, 18-62 years), including 5 cases of flame burns, 2 cases of hot l iquid burns, and 3 cases of gunpowder explosion injury. The burn area was 84.1% ± 7.4% of TBSA. The most were deep II degree to III degree burns. The time from burn to hospital ization was (4.9 ± 2.2) hours. There was no significant difference in general data between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). Results The skin graft survival rate, the time of skin fusion, the systemic wound heal ing time, and the treatment cost of 1% of burn area were 91.23% ± 5.61%, (11.14 ± 2.12) days, (38.89 ± 10.36) days, and (5 113.28 ± 552.44) yuan in Meek group, respectively; and were 78.65% ± 12.29%, (18.37 ± 4.63）days, (48.73 ± 16.92) days, and (7 386.36 ± 867.64) yuan in particle skin group; showing significant differences between 2 groups (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Meek technique skin graft has good effect in treating exceptionally large area burns with the advantages of high survival rate of skin graft, short time of skin fusion, and low treatment cost of 1% of burn area.
Objective To approach the inhibitory effect of Iodine-125 (125I) on moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of colon by establishing the nude mice model bearing subcutaneous tumor of SW480 cell. Methods The moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of colon cells (SW480) were implanted subcutaneously to the nude mice. The bearing tumor nude mice were randomly divided into study group (n=24) and control group (n=24) by using method of random sampling. One blank particle was implanted into the mouse of the control group, a 1.48×107 Bq dosage 125I particle was implanted into the mouse of the study group, then the growth of tumor was observed after implantation. Six bearing tumor nude mice were sacrificed and the tumors were obtained on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after implantation, respectively. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry SP method. The cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL method. Results As the accumulation of radiation time, the volume of tumor in the study group was smaller than that in the control group on day 10 after implantation (Plt;0.05). The PCNA labeling index in the study group was lower than that in the control group on day 14 after implantation (Plt;0.05). The apoptotic index in the study group was higher than that in the control group on day 21 after implantation (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Persistent low dose 125I radiation could down-regulate the expression of PCNA, and induce the apoptosis of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of colon cell, which might be a mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of colon.