ObjectiveTo summarize the new biomarkers of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and their research progress, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DVT. MethodThe literature about biomarkers of DVT in recent 5 years was reviewed and summarized. ResultsAccording to the results of literature review, a variety of common DVT biomarkers such as serum microrna, fibrin monomer, neutrophil capture net, and E-selectin were sorted out, but most of them had not been used in clinical DVT management. At present, the clinical diagnosis of DVT required the combination of positive D-dimer test and positive imaging examination, and there was no single biomarker for the diagnosis of DVT. ConclusionsBiomarkers are valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of DVT, but their sensitivity and specificity need to be optimized. Therefore, finding biomarkers with more diagnostic value is one of the future directions. At the same time, we also can consider fully combined with a variety of existing biomarkers, to improve the efficiency to the diagnosis of DVT.
ObjectiveTo summarize the recent research progress of circRNA in gastric cancer, and to explore the clinical value of circRNA as new therapeutic target and diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.MethodThe studies on circRNA and related literatures in gastric cancer were reviewed.ResultsAs a new member of the non-coding RNA family, circRNA played a key role in regulating the proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance of gastric cancer cells. At the same time, based on the stability and tissue-specific characteristics, circRNA possessed great potential as biomarker for early diagnosis or prognosis evaluation of gastric cancer.ConclusionscircRNA plays an important role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. As a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a new therapeutic target for gastric cancer, circRNA has great potential for clinical transformation.
Unhealthy diet, habits and drug abuse cause a variety of liver diseases, including steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which seriously affect human health. The fabrication of highly simulated cell models in vitro is important in the treatment of liver diseases and drug development. This article summarized the common strategies for the construction of liver pathology models in vitro. It introduced four typical cell models in vitro related to liver disease and provided a reference for the study of liver disease models.
The high incidence and mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI) have brought great challenges to global health. In recent years, China has made some achievements in the epidemiology, risk factors and treatment of AKI. However, further prevention and treatment are still facing difficulties. Based on current new ideas and research progress, this paper summarized and analyzed the management throughout the whole course of AKI, including AKI risk assessment, early prevention, early identification, treatment and follow-up. The aim is to make Chinese nephrologists realize the focus of AKI prevention and treatment, standardize the management of AKI, and explore the prevention and treatment strategy suitable for AKI in China.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress in the study of the diagnostic function of humoral circular RNAs in human diseases.MethodsThe research progress was summarized by reading relevant literatures on the diagnostic function of humoral circular RNAs in human disease at home and abroad.ResultsAs endogenous circular RNA molecules, circular RNAs were found to be related to a variety of diseases due to their stable structures, conserved sequences, diverse functions, and tissue cell specificity. Recent studies had found that circular RNAs could be secreted into body fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, gastric juice, seminal plasma, and so on. They could also exist in body fluids stably. In addition, circular RNAs were found that was related to the diagnosis of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, nervous system diseases, autoimmune diseases, various carcinomas and metabolic diseases, and so on. As a consequence, circular RNAs might be important biomarkers for non-invasive detection of human diseases.ConclusionsRecent researches have found that circular RNA is related to the diagnosis of various diseases. Therefore, the in-depth study of the relationship between humoral circular RNAs and the diagnosis of diseases is conducive to the development of non-invasive diagnostic markers of clinical diseases, which is of great significance for the non-invasive diagnosis of diseases.
ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic value of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cystic fibrosis (CF). MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases up to August 7, 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias and applicability of included prediction model studies were assessed by the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). ResultsA total of 10 studies were included, among which 5 studies only identified specific exhaled VOCs in CF patients, and another 5 developed 7 CF risk prediction models based on the identification of VOCs in CF. The included studies reported a total of 75 exhaled VOCs, most of which belonged to the categories of acylcarnitines, aldehydes, acids, and esters. Most models (n=6, 85.7%) only included exhaled VOCs as predictive factors, and only one model included factors other than VOCs, including forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) and modified Medical Research Council scale for the assessment of dyspnea (mMRC). The accuracy of the models ranged from 77% to 100%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.771 to 0.988. None of the included studies provided information on the calibration of the models. The results of the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) showed that the overall bias risk of all predictive model studies was high, and the overall applicability was unclear. ConclusionThe exhaled VOCs reported in the included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and more research is needed to explore specific compounds for CF. In addition, risk prediction models based on exhaled VOCs have certain value in the diagnosis of CF, but the overall bias risk is relatively high and needs further optimization from aspects such as model construction and validation.
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a non-coding RNA which exists widely in eukaryotic cells with a structure of covalently closed continuous loop. Its generation, characteristics and functions have received extensive attention, making it one of the hot spots in the field of non-coding RNA research. Many studies have found that circRNA plays an important role in the development of various diseases including cardiovascular disease, nervous system disease and cancer. Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide common disease with high incidence and poor prognosis. Its exact pathogenesis has not been found, which blocks the development of cardiovascular disease treatment. In this review, we summarize the loop-forming mechanisms, the functions and the progress of current researches of circRNA in cardiovascular diseases.
Biological markers play a pivotal role in the early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, enabling precise identification and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. The detection of central β-amyloid and Tau proteins has become an indispensable tool in clinical trials. Recent years have witnessed substantial progress in the development of readily accessible and cost-effective blood biomarkers. This comprehensive article provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical applications of blood biomarkers, encompassing β-amyloid, phosphorylated Tau protein, neurofilament light chain protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, all of which have demonstrated clinical relevance in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. Notably, phosphorylated Tau protein exhibits superior diagnostic efficacy. The incorporation of blood biomarkers facilitates early screening, accurate diagnosis, and efficacious treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Non-invasive biomarkers, due to their non-invasive and safe characteristics, hold significant potential for the diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy. This review summarizes the research progress and future directions of non-invasive biomarkers for epilepsy, encompassing electrophysiological, imaging, biochemical, and genetic markers, and discusses biomarkers for specific types of epilepsy, such as structural lesion-related epilepsy, infection and inflammation-related epilepsy, autoimmune epilepsy, endocrine hormone-related epilepsy, and metabolic epilepsy, to facilitate their clinical application.
Objective To investigate the serum level of surfactant protein D ( SP-D) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) and its clinical significance. Methods Serumlevels of SP-D in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD ( n = 29) , stable COPD ( n = 26) , and control subjects ( n = 19 ) were measured by ELISA. Multiple regression modeling was performed to determine the independent relationship between SP-D and lung function variables. Results The serum SP-D levels were significantly increased in the patients who experienced an acute exacerbation [ ( 70. 6 ±20. 7) ng/mL] compared with the patients with stable COPD and the control subjects [ ( 47. 9 ±13. 3) ng/mL and ( 31. 2 ±11. 4) ng/mL] ( both P lt; 0. 01) . The serum SP-D levels in the patients with stable COPD increased significantly than the control subjects ( P lt; 0. 01) . Smoking index and staging of COPD were positively related to SP-D level. Serum SP-D levels were also found to be inversely related to FEV1% pred in stable COPD. Conclusion Serum SP-D may be a potential diagnostic and staging biomarker for COPD.