ObjectiveTo explore the research progress of the cell sources and related signaling pathways of the wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis (WIHN) in recent years.MethodsThe literature related to WIHN in recent years was reviewed, and the cell sources and molecular mechanism were summarized and discussed.ResultsCurrent research shows that WIHN is a rare regeneration phenomenon in the skin of adult mammals, with multiple cell origins, both hair follicle stem cells and epithelial stem cells around the wound. Its molecular mechanism is complicated, which is regulated by many signaling pathways. Besides, the process is closely related to the immune response, the immunocytes and their related cytokines provide suitable conditions for this process.ConclusionThere are still many unsolved problems on the cellular origins and molecular mechanisms of the WIHN. Further study on the mechanisms will enhance the understanding of adult mammals’ hair follicle regeneration and may provide new strategy for functional healing of the human skin.
This study is aimed to investigate objective indicators of mental fatigue evaluation to improve the accuracy of mental fatigue evaluation. Mental fatigue was induced by a sustained cognitive task. The brain functional networks in two states (normal state and mental fatigue state) were constructed based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data. This study used complex network theory to calculate and analyze nodal characteristics parameters (degree, betweenness centrality, clustering coefficient and average path length of node), and served them as the classification features of support vector machine (SVM). Parameters of the SVM model were optimized by gird search based on 6-fold cross validation. Then, the subjects were classified. The results show that characteristic parameters of node of brain function networks can be divided into normal state and mental fatigue state, which can be used in the objective evaluation of mental fatigue state.
Objective To evaluate hepatic functional reserve and investigate the clinical value through measuring hepatic functional blood flow by D-sorbitol clearance rate and liver volume changes with CT. Methods Ninety-two patients with portal hypertension due to posthepatic cirrhosis were investigated (cirrhosis group). Twenty healthy volunteers were used as control group. D-sorbitol was infused intravenously at a steady rate. Blood and urine were collected and recorded once before infusion and at 120, 150 and 180 min after infusion, and their concentrations of D-sorbitol were examined by enzyme spectrophotometry. From pharmacokinetic equations, hepatic clearance rate of D-sorbitol (CLH) was calculated. Total hepatic blood flow (QTOTAL) was measured by Doppler sonography, intrahepatic shunt rate (RINS) was obtained. The liver volume change rate was obtained in patients with cirrhosis through the abdominal CT scan. The relations among the indicators, Child classification and postoperative complications were studied. Results After D-sorbitol was infused intravenously for 120 min, the plasma concentration was at the steady state. The plasma concentration was (0.189±0.05) mmol/L in control group and (0.358±0.06) mmol/L in cirrhosis group (Plt;0.01). CLH was (1 248.3±210.5) ml/min in control group and (812.7±112.4) ml/min in cirrhosis group (Plt;0.01). Although QTOTAL in cirrhosis group was declined, compared with the control group 〔(1 280.6±131.4) ml/min vs. (1 362.4±126.9) ml/min〕, Pgt;0.05, while RINS increased markedly 〔(36.54±10.65)% vs. (8.37±3.32)%, Plt;0.01〕. In cirrhosis group, the mean liver volume of Child A, B and C patients were (1 057±249) cm3, (851±148) cm3 and (663±77) cm3 respectively. There were significant differences among the mean liver volume (Plt;0.05). The liver volume was significantly smaller in Child B and C patients than that in Child A (Plt;0.05, Plt;0.01). When CLH was less than 600 ml/min, and liver volume decreased by more than 40%, postoperative complications increased significantly. CLH and the liver volume change rate were not in absolutely good accordance with Child classification. Conclusion The hepatic clearance of D-sorbitol and the quantitative determination of the liver volume with CT can be an objective evaluation of the liver metabolism of the inherent capacity and the hepatic functional blood flow changes. It contributes to the correct understanding of the hepatic functional reserve and lay the foundation for determining a reasonable treatment plan, surgical methods and time.
Objective To obtain the full-length gene and functional domains of FXYD6 gene which is a cholangiocarcinoma related gene. Methods A new strategy with the integration of bioinformatics and molecular biology was used. Bioinformatical methods were used to analyze the full-length sequence, and to predict the functional domains of its protein. And the full-length sequence of FXYD6 was isolated by polymerase chain reaction from fetal hepatic, brain and spleen cDNA libraries, and then cloned in pGEM-T vector for sequence analyzing. Goldkey Sequence Analyzing Software was used to analyze the sequence of candidate domain without signal peptide.Results The full-length sequence of FXYD6 was isolated by Touch-down PCR from fetal hepatic and brain cDNA library, but was not from spleen cDNA library. The open reading frame Finder software was used in the National Center for Biotechnology Information website to find the most probable encoding regions of FXYD6 gene. And the +1 phase was selected as the template sequence, from 67 bp to 354 bp, to predict the functional domains by Goldkey Sequence Analyzing Software. The signal peptide was located from 1 amino acid (aa) to 17 aa， and the main domain was composed from 18 aa to 34 aa. The region between 35 aa and 57 aa was the transmembrane region. The FHYD peptide chain was highly conserved amino acids. Conclusion The study of full-length cDNA cloning of FXYD6 gene and its functional domains provides the basis for understanding the relationship between the structure and function of FXYD6. More work shall be performed on FXYD6 protein and its influence on the mechanism of cholangiocarcinoma.
The construction of brain functional network based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an effective method to reveal the mechanism of human brain operation, but the common brain functional network generally contains a lot of noise, which leads to wrong analysis results. In this paper, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model in compressed sensing is used to reconstruct the brain functional network. This model uses the sparsity of L1-norm penalty term to avoid over fitting problem. Then, it is solved by the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA), which updates the variables through a shrinkage threshold operation in each iteration to converge to the global optimal solution. The experimental results show that compared with other methods, this method can improve the accuracy of noise reduction and reconstruction of brain functional network to more than 98%, effectively suppress the noise, and help to better explore the function of human brain in noisy environment.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with surgery for slow transit constipation (STC).MethodsFrom March 2013 to July 2017, 29 patients undergoing total or subtotal colectomy for STC in our department were analyzed prospectively. Their preoperative and postoperative 1-year follow-up details were analyzed. Evacuation function of all patients was assessed by bowel movements, abdominal pain, bloating, straining, laxative, enema use and the Wexner constipation scales. Quality of life was evaluated by the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) and the short-form (SF)-36 survey.ResultsA high number of patients (93.1%, 27/29) in STC stated that surgery received benefits to their health. Compared with that before operation, the number of bowel movements per week during a 1-year follow-up increased significantly (31.6±19.9 vs. 1.21±0.6, P<0.05). Significant trends toward improvement of bloating, straining, laxative and enema use were noted 1-year following surgery (P<0.05). The Wexner constipation scales scores during a 1-year follow-up decreased significantly (5.69±3.4 vs. 20.34±0.6, P<0.05). The GIQLI scores during a 1-year follow-up increased significantly (120.7±20.4 vs. 78.6±17.3, P<0.05). Moreover, results of SF-36 showed significant improvements in 7 spheres (role physical, role emotional, physical pain, vitality, mental health, social function and general health) during a 1-year follow-up compared with those before operation (P<0.05).ConclusionTotal or subtotal colectomy for STC did not only alleviate constipation symptoms dramatically, but also received significant improvements in the patients’ quality of life.
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of latissimus dorsi Kiss flap for repairing composite tissue defects and functional reconstruction of upper arm. Methods Between March 2010 and November 2016, 12 cases of composite tissue defects of upper arm were repaired by latissimus dorsi Kiss flap with blood vessel and nerve bunch. There were 8 males and 4 females with a median age of 34 years (range, 21-50 years). The reason of injury included plowing mechanical injury in 4 cases, traffic accident injury in 5 cases, electrical injury in 2 cases, and resecting upper arm soft tissue sarcoma in 1 case. There were deltoid defect in 5 cases, triceps brachii and brachialis defect in 4 cases, and deltoid, triceps brachii, and brachialis damaged in varying degrees in 3 cases. The defect area ranged from 13 cm×7 cm to 20 cm×8 cm. Among them, there were 6 cases of fracture combined with partial bone exposure, one of them with bone defect. The disease duration was 3 hours to 6 months. The flap size ranged from 10 cm×6 cm to 15 cm×7 cm, and the donor sites were directly sutured. Results Twelve flaps survived with primary healing of wounds. Ten patients were followed up 6-26 months (mean, 14 months). At last follow-up, the flaps were soft and the skin color was similar to the surrounding skin. No obvious scar was found at donor sites. The abduction range of motion of shoulder was 30-90°. The muscle strength of brachialis were all at grade 4 or above. The superficial sensation and tactile sensation recovered partialy (S1 in 2 cases, S2 in 6 cases, S3 in 2 cases). According to Society of Hand Surgery standard for the evaluation of upper part of the function, the shoulder joint function was excellent in 2 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 4 cases. Conclusion The design of the latissimus dorsi Kiss flaps are flexible, and the donor site can be directly sutured, with the nerves of the latissimus dorsi muscle can partialy reconstruct abduction function of upper arm. In general, the Kiss flap repairing upper arm defect can obtain satisfactory effectiveness.
Early diagnosis and accurate stage of liver fibrosis are important for conducting the clinic therapy and assessing the therapeutic outcome. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as a noninvasive and effective method, plays an important role in diagnosis and stage of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the advances in fMRI evaluation of liver fibrosis.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), as a major branch of functional neurosurgery, has been widely used in the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson disease, primary tremor, and muscle tone disorder. It can effectively alleviate patients’ symptoms, reduce drug dependence, and minimize adverse drug reactions. In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field, it has gradually penetrated into multiple aspects of DBS. This article reviews the current application status of AI technology in DBS therapy and explores its future development prospects, providing new solutions for significant improvement in patients’ quality of life.
Functional electronic stimulation (FES) may provide a means to restore motor function in patients with spinal cord injuries. The goal of this study is to determine the regions in the spinal cord controlling different hindlimb movements in the rats. Normalization was used for the regions dominating the corresponding movements. It has been verified that FES can be used in motor function recovery of the hindlimb. The spinal cord was stimulated by FES with a three-dimensional scan mode in experiments. The results show that stimulation through the electrodes implanted in the ventral locations of the lumbosacral enlargement can produce coordinated single- and multi-joint hindlimb movements. A variety of different hindlimb movements can be induced with the appropriate stimulation sites, and movement vectors of the hindlimb cover the full range of movement directions in the sagittal plane of the hindlimb. This article drew a map about spinal cord motor function of the rat. The regions in the spinal cord which control corresponding movements are normalized. The data in the study provide guidance about the location of electrode tips in the follow-up experiments.