Based on peer-reviewed systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 and June 2019 with regards to the management of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis (GJO), the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) established the clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of GJO. The guidelines provided practice recommendations including risk factors, non-surgical treatment, surgical treatment, prosthesis selection, and perioperative management for GJO. The recommendations were graded according to different evidence strength. This paper interprets the guidline in order to provide reference for domestic medical workers.
Chinese Medical Association Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer (2023 Edition) has been released in July 2023. Based on the 2022 edition, the 2023 edition of the guideline has been updated in the aspects of lung cancer screening, pathology, surgical standards, neoadjuvant therapy, targeted therapy and treatment of advanced lung cancer. This article will give a brief introduction to these updated parts.
In recent years, the diagnosis and management technology of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) has developed rapidly worldwide along with evidence-based medicine practice and clinical research data. But the standard clinical criteria are still limited. Based on this, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) and the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) established an expert group dominated by aortic surgeons to collate and analyze the comprehensive literature data of acute and chronic, complicated and uncomplicated TBAD. And then, the group formulated and officially released the clinical practice guidelines for TBAD in 2022. In this paper, we interpreted and analyzed the main contents of the guideline in combination with domestic research, in order to provide reference and help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TBAD at the present stage in China.
“Definition and diagnostic criteria for clinical obesity” (referred to as the “Guideline”), jointly developed by The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission, was officially released on January 25, 2025. The Guideline presents a groundbreaking perspective by explicitly defining clinical obesity as a chronic disease and establishing a stratified diagnostic system. It mandates the combined use of anthropometric measurements and clinical assessments, promoting a shift in the diagnosis and treatment model from “body weight management” to comprehensive intervention focused on “body fat metabolism and organ function protection”. Through a systematic interpretation of the core content of the Guideline, including the definition of clinical obesity, key diagnostic criteria, criteria for differential diagnosis, and clinical significance, the document emphasizes the profound impact of the Guideline on the adjustment of medical insurance policies, the standardization of clinical practices, and the protection of patient rights, and aims to enhance the precision diagnosis and stratified management of obesity.
On January 11, 2022, the European Society of Vascular Surgery (ESVS) completed its first update in the “European Society for Vascular Surgery 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs” since 2015. Based on the existing literatures and expert consensus, the guidelines added and revised the treatment strategies, postoperative monitoring, and postoperative anticoagulation of superficial venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and pelvic venous diseases. The new and modified parts will be interpreted.
Pituitary Society released an international consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of prolactin-secreting adenoma (PRLoma) on September 5, 2023, providing recommendations based on the latest evidence-based approach for the screening, diagnosis, treatment and management of PRLoma. This consensus statement not only updated the clinical epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, complications, diagnostic criteria, and treatment progress of pituitary PRLoma, but also focused on special populations such as pregnant women, postmenopausal women, children/adolescents, transgender patients, as well as the treatment of special types such as cystic and invasive pituitary PRLoma. This article aims to help neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, and related healthcare professionals standardize the diagnosis and treatment of PRLoma by interpreting the updated section of the consensus.
The “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity (2024 Edition)” was formulated by the National Health Commission in cooperation with multidisciplinary experts nationwide, and was formally released on October 17, 2024. As China’s first authoritative guideline for obesity, it comprehensively covers the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, classification, staging, and related diseases of obesity. The guideline emphasizes the high risk of obesity-related diseases, and for the first time puts forward a standardized diagnosis and treatment pathway, sorting out various treatment options including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, metabolic/bariatric procedures, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. At the same time, the guideline advocates the multi-disciplinary treatment model, which integrates expertise and methodologies from various disciplines to develop personalized treatments for patients. We interpreted and discussed the diagnostic assessment and multimodal management of obesity, so as to enhance readers’ understanding of the guideline and promote the standardization of evidence-based practices in obesity care.
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. On August 29, 2023, National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the NCCN esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers clinical practice guidelines in oncology (version 3. 2023). This article aims to highlight the key updates in treatment and follow-up recommendations between the version 3 and the version 2 in 2023, providing the latest guidance for the management of esophageal cancer in our country.
The Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure consensus has proposed the universal definition, classification and staging criteria of heart failure. The prevalence of heart failure is still increasing, and the phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming more and more common. Neuro-endocrine antagonists are effective in treating patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there is no effective drug that can improve the clinical prognosis of patients with HFpEF. The pathophysiological mechanism of HFpEF involves metabolic-inflammatory mechanism disorders, epicardial fat tissue accumulation, and coronary microvascular dysfunction. The exploratory treatment of these mechanisms requires further research to confirm whether it is beneficial to patients with HFpEF. In addition, the improvement of ejection fraction and the recovery of cardiac function in patients with HFrEF after treatment cannot interrupt the drug treatment of heart failure.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising both deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a chronic illness that contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) published the 9th edition of antithrombotic treatment guidelines for VTE (AT9) in 2012, which was first updated in 2016. In October 2021, ACCP published the 2nd update to AT9, which addressed 17 clinical questions related to VTE and presented 29 guidance statements in total. In this paper we interpreted the recommendations proposed in this update of the guidelines.