Objective To examine the association between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods We enrolled adults with lung cancer who initiated ICIs between January 2018 and March 2022 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The included patients were divided into PD-L1 TPS<50% group and PD-L1 TPS≥50% group. Clinical outcomes including VTE, pulmonary embolism (PE), and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were evaluated with cox regression models. Results Of the 519 lung cancer patients receiving ICIs finnaly analyzed (347 cases with PD-L1 TPS<50%; 172 cases with PD-L1 TPS≥50%), VTE developed in 48 cases (9.2%) during the 12-month follow-up, of which 41 cases (7.9%) had DVT, 4 cases (0.8%) had PE, and 3 cases (0.6%) had DVT and PE. A higher incidence of VTE was observed in TPS<50% group versus TPS≥50% group (P=0.026), whereas there was a trend toward an increased rate of DVT, which was not statistically significant (P=0.052). Significant differences in PE were not found (P=0.152). After multivariable adjustment, PD-L1 TPS<50%, ECOG PS≥2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and VTE history were associated with an increased VTE risk (P<0.05). Conclusion VTE occurred in 9.2% of ICI-treated lung cancer patients. PD-L1 TPS<50% was associated with an increased risk of VTE, which should be identified, prevented and intervened early in clinical practice.
Surgery is the preferred treatment for resectable esophageal cancer, but in locally advanced esophageal cancer, the effect of surgery alone is not ideal, so surgery-based comprehensive treatment is the best option. Neoadjuvant therapy has become a standard treatment in the treatment of locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiochemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc. With the significant efficacy and acceptable toxicity of immunotherapy in the first-line and second-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has become a research hotspot of locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer. This article reviews the latest research progress and some limitations of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer.
Objective To explore the effect of CD3AK cells on T lymphocyte subsets and its functions of patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC). MethodsFiftyeight patients with PLC were divided into two groups, CD3AK group (n=37), control group (n=21). Eleven blood donors were taken as normal control. All patients from the treatment group were given 2×109 CD3AK cells once a day for 5 days on the 1st day after operation, having received IL2 at a dose of 100 units per 24 hour by intravenous injection starting 30 minutes before administration of CD3AK cells. T lymphocyte subsets, IL2R, NK activity, LAK activity and proliferative activity were determined. ResultsThe CD4/CD8 ratio, expression of IL2R, proliferative activity, NK activity and LAK activity of T lymphocytes from the treatment group were significantly higher than those of control respectively.Conclusion The adoptive transfer of CD3AK cells could improve the disorder of T lymphocyte subsets and its functions and provide the patients with PLC with fresh abundant effectors against tumor.
Objective To summarize current research status of sperm protein 17 (SP17) in breast cancer. Method Bysearching PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases, the studies about expression and function of SP17 in the breast cancer were summarized. Results SP17 only expressed in the breast cancer tissue but not in the normal breast tissue. The result of the study showed that SP17 was only detected in the metastatic stage of tumor cells. The preclinical trails found that the breast cancer cells with SP17 positive expression could be killed by the specific T lymphocyte. Conclusions SP17 might be a potential target of immunotherapy of breast cancer, it might promote metastasis of cancer. More studies are needed to further explore its function in tumor development, thus accelerate its application in clinical practice.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of specific immunotherapy in combination with budesonide formoterol dry powder inhaler ( BUD/FM) in the treatment of moderate to severe bronchial asthma. Methods The data of 93 patients with moderate to severe asthma from September 2006 to September 2008 were analyzed. 46 cases who received BUD/FM therapy were recorded as a BUD/FM treatment group, and 47 cases who received BUD/FMand dustmite specific immunotherapy were recorded asa combination treatment group. After 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, asthma symptom scores, pulmonary function,effective rate, and scores of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire ( AQLQ) were compared in the two treatment groups. Results Compared with the BUD/FMtreatment group, the effective rate was significantlyhigher ( 83. 0% vs. 65. 2% , P lt;0. 05) , the lung function improvements in FEV1% pred and expiratory peak flow were more significant in the latter period of treatment, and AQLQ scores improved more significantly after 24 months’treatment in the combination treatment group. Conclusion For patients with moderate tosevere asthma, specific immunotherapy in combination with BUD/FMcan improve asthma symptoms and lung function with good compliance and long lasting efficacy.
31 case of advanced primary liver cancer were treated by using IL-2 and LAK cells in which 15 cases were combined with surgery (group A) and 16 cases were combined with chemotherpy (Group B). 7～14 months follow-up showed: In group A there was no recurence and metastasis, and the cell-mediated immunity was obviously improved. In group B, the average life time was more than 5.84 months, the tumor average diameter dicreased in 10 cases ,and the cee-mediated immunity was also improved. The role of immunotherapy combined with surgery or chemotherapy was discussed.
Mitochondrial quality control includes mechanisms such as mitochondria-derived vesicles, fusion / fission and autophagy. These processes rely on the collaboration of a variety of key proteins in the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria to jointly regulate the morphological structure and functional integrity of mitochondria, repair mitochondrial damage, and maintain the homeostasis of their internal environment. The imbalance of mitochondrial quality control is associated with leukemia. Therefore, by exploring the mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control of various leukemia cells and their interactions with immune cells and immune microenvironment, this article sought possible targets in the treatment of leukemia, providing new ideas for the immunotherapy of leukemia.
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers of the urinary system. Baesd on the involvement of the blandder muscle or not, bladder cancer can be generally classified into muscule-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-MIBC. Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the standard treament recommended by current guidelines for MIBC. Based on the good efficacy of immunocheckpoint inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer. More and more studies have explored the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy in MIBC neoadjuvant therapy, and analyzed biomarkers to explore the benefit groups. This article reviews the latest progress of various neoadjuvant immunomonotherapy in MIBC, and prospect the future direction of development.
Objective To understand the latest research progress of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Method The literature on the efficacy of different treatment drugs for metastatic colorectal cancer in recent years both domestically and internationally was retrieved and reviewed. Results There had been many clinical research progress in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, new drugs had emerged, targeted drugs were particularly prominent, and more trials of therapeutic drugs and drug combination treatment regimens were also being carried out. Different treatment methods were applied to patients according to the mutation status of RAS/RAF and the expression of mismatch repair protein, the survival benefit varied greatly. Conclusion Precision medicine is becoming increasingly important, screening patients to choose appropriate treatment modality can further improve survival benefit.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in immunotherapy and drug resistance of gastric cancer, and provide new ideas for the treatment of gastric cancer. MethodThe literatures about tumor-associated macrophages in immunotherapy and drug resistance of gastric cancer at home and abroad in recent years were searched and reviewed. ResultsThe incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in China were significantly higher than those in other countries. Surgical treatment remained the primary approach for gastric cancer, and targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy had become the standard first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. TAM were a large population of immune cells present in the tumor immune microenvironment and had emerged as novel therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators in individualized treatment strategies. As the relationship between TAM and malignant tumors was further elucidated, TAM was expected to become a key target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. However, some patients developed resistance during treatment. Recent preclinical and clinical studies had demonstrated that targeting TAM had yielded promising results in gastric cancer treatment. ConclusionsThe mechanism of TAM and the key factors driving the phenotypic changes of TAM in the microenvironment of gastric cancer remain to be further study. How to inhibit the tumor promoting effect of TAM will provide new clues for the future treatment of gastric cancer.