This study aims to predict expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer by radiomics. Firstly, breast cancer images are segmented automatically by phase-based active contour (PBAC) method. Secondly, high-throughput features of ultrasound images are extracted and quantized. A total of 404 high-throughput features are divided into three categories, such as morphology, texture and wavelet. Then, the features are selected by R language and genetic algorithm combining minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (mRMR) criterion. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) and AdaBoost are used as classifiers, achieving the goal of predicting ER by breast ultrasound image. One hundred and four cases of breast cancer patients were conducted in the experiment and optimal indicator was obtained using AdaBoost. The prediction accuracy of molecular marker ER could achieve 75.96% and the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 79.39%. According to the results of experiment, the feasibility of predicting expression of ER in breast cancer using radiomics was verified.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of CT-based radiomics and clinical data in predicting the efficacy of non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) in hip preservation, and to construct a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation. Methods Between June 2009 and June 2019, 153 patients (182 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) who underwent NVBG for hip preservation were included, and the training and testing sets were divided in a 7∶3 ratio to define hip preservation success or failure according to the 3-year postoperative follow-up. The radiomic features of the region of interest in the CT images were extracted, and the radiomics-scores were calculated by the linear weighting and coefficients of the radiomic features after dimensionality reduction. The clinical predictors were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The radiomics model, clinical model, and clinical-radiomics (C-R) model were constructed respectively. Their predictive performance for the efficacy of hip preservation was compared in the training and testing sets, with evaluation indexes including area under the curve, C-Index, sensitivity, specificity, and calibration curve, etc. The best model was visualised using nomogram, and its clinical utility was assessed by decision curves. ResultsAt the 3-year postoperative follow-up, the cumulative survival rate of hip preservation was 70.33%. Continued exposure to risk factors postoperative and Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) staging were clinical predictors of the efficacy of hip preservation, and 13 radiomic features derived from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator downscaling were used to calculate Rad-scores. The C-R model outperformed both the clinical and radiomics models in predicting the efficacy of hip preservation 1, 2, 3 years postoperative in both the training and testing sets (P<0.05), with good agreement between the predicted and observed values. A nomogram constructed based on the C-R model showed that patients with lower Rad-scores, no further postoperative exposure to risk factors, and B or C1 types of JIC staging had a higher probability of femoral survival at 1, 2, 3 years postoperatively. The decision curve analysis showed that the C-R model had a higher total net benefit than both the clinical and radiomics models with a single predictor, and it could bring more net benefit to patients within a larger probability threshold. Conclusion The prediction model and nomogram constructed by CT-based radiomics combined with clinical data is a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation, which can predict the efficacy of NVBG before surgery and has a high value of clinical application.
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest mortality worldwide, and its early diagnosis and evaluation have a crucial impact on the comprehensive treatment of patients. Early preoperative diagnosis of lung cancer depends on a variety of imaging and tumor marker indicators, but it cannot be accurately assessed due to its high false positive rate. Liquid biopsy biomarkers can detect circulating tumor cells and DNA in peripheral blood by non-invasive methods and are gradually becoming a powerful diagnostic tool in the field of precision medicine for tumors. This article reviews the research progress of liquid biopsy biomarkers and their combination with clinical imaging features in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Currently, the types of kidney stones before surgery are mainly identified by human beings, which directly leads to the problems of low classification accuracy and inconsistent diagnostic results due to the reliance on human knowledge. To address this issue, this paper proposes a framework for identifying types of kidney stones based on the combination of radiomics and deep learning, aiming to achieve automated preoperative classification of kidney stones with high accuracy. Firstly, radiomics methods are employed to extract radiomics features released from the shallow layers of a three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network, which are then fused with the deep features of the convolutional neural network. Subsequently, the fused features are subjected to regularization, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) processing. Finally, a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) is utilized for the identification of infectious and non-infectious kidney stones. The experimental results indicate that the proposed framework achieves an accuracy rate of 84.5% for preoperative identification of kidney stone types. This framework can effectively distinguish between infectious and non-infectious kidney stones, providing valuable assistance in the formulation of preoperative treatment plans and the rehabilitation of patients after surgery.
摘要:目的: 金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的感染近年来已成为医院内的主要致病菌,而其耐药性也呈逐渐升高的趋势,为了解该菌在我院的感染和耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供科学依据。 方法 : 用经典生理生化鉴定方法,对各种临床标本主要来源于痰液和各种伤口脓液标本分离到的102株金葡菌进行生物学特性及药敏试验。 结果 : 从我们医院2007年5月至2009年8月所分离出来的102株金葡菌中青霉素耐药性8923%,氨苄青霉素耐药率为9385%,没有发现万古霉素耐药菌。 结论 : 除万古霉素外,耐药率较低的依次是利福平、苯唑青霉素、环丙沙星、呋喃妥因、阿米卡星、磺胺甲基异恶唑、红霉素,而青霉素G、氨苄青霉素、四环素耐药性情况非常严重,并且多重耐药,耐药性强,应引起临床的高度重视。Abstract: Objective: To analyze the bionomics and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus, which was the main pathogenic bacterium with high drug tolerance in our hospital, in order to provide the rational use of antibiotics. Methods : Samples of one hundred and two staphylococcus aureus cases from sputamentum and pus were evaluated by classic physiology and biochemistry methods to test the bionomics and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results : The drug resistance rate to penicillin, penbritin and vancomycin was 8923%, 9385% and 0, separately. Conclusion : Besides vancomycin, the drug resistance rate of rifampicin, oxazocilline, ciprofloxacin, furadantin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethoxazole increased one by one. The resistance to penicillin G, penbritin and tetracycline was serious, including multidrug resistant, which should be paid highly attention.
ObjectiveTo summarize the progress of radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and discuss its future direction, limitations and challenges. MethodWe retrieved the literature related to radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and made a review. ResultsTraditional hepatocellular carcinoma imaging examination, diagnosis and differential diagnosis had certain limitations. Radiomics as an emerging technology, it helped extract tissue biological information that could not be detected by the naked eye from high-throughput quantitative images and transform into high-dimensional qualitative quantitative data, and either alone or in combination with other clinical and molecular data such as demographics, histology, genomics or proteomics or other clinical and molecular data to solve clinical problems, such as hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and differential diagnosis, staging and grading, therapeutic regimen development and predicting prognosis and survival after therapy, etc. At present, there were still several problems to be solved in radiomics, such as insufficient interpretability of the combined artificial intelligence-medical imaging approach, lack of uniform standards and lack of external validation, etc.ConclusionsThe study of radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has been deepened and expanded to different degrees with great potential and application prospects. Radiomics brings greater benefits to the diagnosis, treatment and management of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, provides a new direction for optimizing medical decision-making and promoting the development of precision medicine. However, there are still some deficiencies and challenges to overcome in the radiomics technology and methods, which require extensive validation and optimization through further clinical trials.
Objective To study the biological activities ofthe nerve regeneration conditioned fluid (NRCF), especially to further separateand identify the protein bands of the relative molecular mass of (232-440)×103. Methods The silicone nerve regeneration chambers were implanted between the cut ends of the sciatic nerve in 6 New Zealand white rabbits (weight, 1.8-2.5 kg). The proteins in NRCF were separated by the native-polycrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE), the protein bands of the relative molecular mass of (232-440)×103 were analyzed by the Shotgun technique, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Results The Native-PAGE result showed that there was 1 protein band of the relative molecular mass over 669×103, (232-440)×103 and (140-232)×103,respectively, and 6 bands of the relative molecular mass of (67-140)×103.Besides, 54 proteins were identified with at least 2 distinct peptides in 1 protein band of the relative molecular mass of (232-440)×103, including 4 unnamed protein products, mainly at the isoelectric points of 5.5-8.0 and of the relative molecular mass of (10-40)×103. Based on their functions in the protein database, allthe identified proteins in this study were classified into the following 5 groups: conjugated protein (43%), transport protein (30%), enzyme (6%), signal transducer (4%), and molecular function-unknown protein (17%). At the subcellular localization of the identified proteins, there was mainly a secreted protein (63%), and the remaining proteins were localized in the membrane and cytoplasm. Conclusion Native-PAGE and the Shotgun technique can effectively separate and identify proteins from NRCF, and can identify the components of the protein band of the relative molecular mass of (232-440)×103 and provide basicinformation on the unnamed protein products in NRCF.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the value of radiomics in the diagnosis of glioblastoma. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect studies on radiomics in the grading of gliomas or the differentiation diagnosis from inception to May 30th, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Meta-Disc 1.4 software and RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 37 studies involving 2 746 subjects were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio for the diagnosis of glioblastoma by radiomics were 0.91 (95%CI 0.89 to 0.92), 0.88 (95%CI 0.87 to 0.90), and 78.00 (95%CI 50.81 to 119.72), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.95. The key radiomic features for correct diagnosis of glioblastoma included intensity features and texture features of the lesions. ConclusionThe current evidence shows that radiomics provides good diagnostic accuracy for glioblastoma. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions.
Portable electrocardiogram monitor is an important equipment in the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases due to its portable, real-time features. It has a broad application and development prospects in China. In the present review, previous researches on the portable electrocardiogram monitors have been arranged, analyzed and summarized. According to the characteristics of the electrocardiogram (ECG), this paper discusses the ergonomic design of the portable electrocardiogram monitor, including hardware and software. The circuit components and software modules were parsed from the ECG features and system functions. Finally, the development trend and reference are provided for the portable electrocardiogram monitors and for the subsequent research and product design.
Objective From the viewpoint of health economics, to analyse the cost-utility of Coflex interspinous dynamic reconstruction and 360° fusion in the treatment of single level lumbar degenerative disease, so as to provide references to doctors and patients for making the best solution. Methods From October 2008 to November 2010, a prospective non-randomized controlled study was carried out on the patients diagnosed as L4-L5 degenerative lumbar spinal disorders, of whom Group A were treated by posterior decompression combined with Coflex interspinous dynamic reconstruction and Group B accepted lumbar 360° fusion treatment. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to survey the life quality of patients and to calculate the quality-adjusted life year (QALY); meanwhile, the costs of the treatment were collected to compare the cost-utility ratio between the two groups. Results A total of 60 patients were included, among whom 29 patients including 20 males and 9 females were in Group A, and the other 31 patients including 16 males and 15 females were in Group B; and the mean time of follow-up was 16.4 months (12-23 months). The average age of Group A and Group B was 45.1 years (21-67 years) and 56.2 years (32-86 years), respectively; the medical costs were 51 509.9±2 422.9 yuan and 57 409.7±9 072.9 yuan, respectively; the life quality compared with that of pre-operation improved by 42.60% and 42.82%, respectively; the cost-utility ratios were 69165.6±4716.0 yuan/QALY and 77 976.7±12 757.4 yuan/QALY, respectively. For each increase of one QALY, Group A could save 12.74% of the cost compared with Group B. Conclusion Coflex interspinous dynamic reconstruction has the equal short-term effects to lumbar 360° fusion in the treatment of L4-L5 degenerative lumbar spinal disorders, but it has lower costs than the latter, and is more in line with the requirements of health economics.