ObjectiveTo investigate the expression pattern and significance of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway by observing whether the Shh signaling pathway components express in the adult rat after spinal cord injury (SCI). MethodsSixty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (group A, 8 rats), sham group (group B, 8 rats), and SCI group (group C, 48 rats). In group A, the rats served as controls without any treatment; a decompressive laminectomy was performed on T7-9 levels without SCI in group B; and modified Allen's method was used to make SCI model in group C. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to assess the hind limb motor function at 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after SCI; the immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and Western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Shh and Glioma-associated oncogene homolog-1 (Gli-1) in SCI zone. ResultsThe BBB score slowly increased with time in group C, but the scores at each time point in group C were significantly lower than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that Shh and Gli-1 rapidly increased after SCI in astrocytes. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of Shh and Gli-1 mRNA and protein were gradually increased in group C and reached a maximum at 7 days. In addition, the relative expression levels of Shh and Gli-1 mRNA and protein in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B (P<0.05). On the other hand, compared with group A, the expression of Gli-1 protein was reduced in the cytoplasm but increased in nucleus in group C. ConclusionAstrocytes synthesize and secrete Shh and Gli-1 signaling molecules after SCI, both Shh and Gli-1 significantly up-regulate and exhibit dynamic changes, which suggests Shh signaling pathway may be involved in nerve cell regeneration after SCI.
The overexpression of C-erb B-2 oncogene in breast cancer was examined in 245 cases with immunohistochemical techniques.The results showed that:①Significant associations of C-erb B-2 overexpression with high histological grade (Ｐ＜0.05), positive axillary node status (Ｐ＜0.05)， advanced clinical stage (Ｐ＜0.05) and the absence of hormone receptor(Ｐ＜0.05) were identified in breast cancer.②Overexpression of C-erb B-2 oncogene was related with 5-year and 10-year survival rate, and considered as a prognostic factor for breast cancer independent of axillary node status. Detection of C-erb B-2 oncogene overexpression could be arranged as a regular pathological examination in breast cancer.Combined with axillary node and estrogen receptor, progestin receptor status, the results can be used in determining the prognosis and planing the treatment programme in breast cancer.
In recent years, with the improvement of the sensitivity of examination equipment and the change of people's living environment and diet, the rate of thyroid cancer has risen rapidly, which has increased nearly five folds in 10 years. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, biological behavior, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma of different pathological types are obviously different. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) can develop at any age, which accounts for about 90% of thyroid cancer. It progresses slowly and has favourable prognosis, but lymph node metastasis appears easily. Whether PTC is accompanied by lymph node metastasis has an important impact on its prognosis and outcome. The Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B(BRAF)gene mutation plays a crucial role in PTC lymph node metastasis. Having an in-depth understanding of the specific role and mechanism of BRAF gene mutation in PTC is expected to provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment of PTC.
In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. Researchers around the world have begun to pay more attention to the exploration of its pathogenesis, disease evolution and prognosis. Among them, research in the field of gene molecules has become a hotspot, which includes the mutations of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter. However, this field is not mature, and there are many problems and challenges need to be solved. This paper explores the value of BRAF mutation in the treatment, recurrence, mortality and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In addition, we also explore the relationship between BRAF mutation and TERT promoter mutations and their influences in thyroid cancer. We hope this paper could help later scholars understand the current situation in this field and find a research direction in the future.
Objective To study the effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and receptor c-met on the development of primary breast carcinoma, and the relationship between it and prognosis. Methods The study of HGF and c-met related to breast carcinoma was reviewed by history document and experimental study in recent years. Results HGF is a growth factor which has mitogenic, migrating, invasive and angiogenic activities in breast carcinoma cells. The carcinogenic mechanism of breast carcinoma was more clear with the discovery of the relationship between HGF and its receptor c-met. Conclusion The HGF/c-met plays an important role in the generation and progress of breast carcinoma. Studying the effects of HGF/cmet on breast carcinoma is significant in guiding clinical treatment.
ObjectiveTo quantify cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in follicular fluid cells obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval before IVF in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MethodsBetween January and August 2014, 80 subjects undergoing IVF-ET were chosen to be studied. Among them, 40 had PCOS, and the other 40 were controls. Follicular fluid cells were subjected to quantitative RT-PCR to evaluate growth-regulated oncogene-α (GRO-α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6, IL-8) expression relative to β-actin. And the chemokine was measured in serum and follicular fluids by immunoassays. These mRNA transcriptions production was proved by sequencing. ResultsGRO-α, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA were expressed in follicular fluid cells. Their expressions were significantly higher in PCOS compared with controls (P<0.05). They were also detected higher in PCOS than controls in serum and follicular (P<0.05), but the difference of IL-6 level between PCOS and controls in lean patients was not statistically significant (P>0.05). ConclusionGRO-α, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 may play important roles in the occurrence and development of PCOS. PCOS may be a chronic immunological inflammatory disease.
Objective To investigate the expression of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) in epiretinal membranes (ERM) of eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and cultured retinal pigent epithelium (RPE) cells. Methods Fifteen human epiretinal membranes were obtained from eyes undergone vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated with PVR and observed by immunohistochemical examination to study the expression of HGFR. Using the immunohistochemical technique to evaluate the expression of HGFR in cultured RPE cells. Results In 6 membranes of PVR-grade C, HGFR were expressed in 5/6, and 7 cases were detected in 9 membranes of PVR-grade D.RPE cells express readily detectable levels of HGFR. Conclusion The findings indicate that HGF might be involved in the formation of epiretinal membranes in PVR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 221-223)
Objective To study the relationship between expression of nm23, CD44 in gastric carcinoma and lymph-node metastasis and prognosis. Methods Expression of nm 23, CD44H and CD44V6 in 105 cases of gastric carcinoma were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Among them, 59 cases were followed up. Results The incidences of nm23, CD44H and CD44V6 protein positivity in gastric carcinoma were 44.8%, 54.3% and 48.6% respectively. The positive expression of nm23, CD44V6 protein in human gastric carcinoma tissues was related to the differentiation, depth of invasion, TNM stage and prognosis (Ｐ＜0.05), but expression of CD44H was not correlated with other clinicopathologic indices. The reactivity to these three antibodies were correlate with metastasis of lymph nodes (Ｐ＜0.01 for CD44V6 and Ｐ＜0.05 for nm23, CD44H). Conclusion Expression of the standard form of CD44 (CD44H) might be useful in observing the progression of the disease, wile CD44V6 and nm23 hold promise as a prognostic indicator.
At present, there are relatively many clinical gene studies. microRNA -215 (miR-215) is a miRNA induced by p53. It exists in animals and humans. miR-215 can exist not only in tumor tissues, but also in blood, urine and feces. miR-215 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and plays a role in promoting and inhibiting cancer. Therefore, miR-215 may provide a new research direction for tumor diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This paper reviews the expression of miR-215 as a oncogene and tumor suppressor gene in tumors and in non tumors.
The purpose of this paper is to present the research on the molecular biological characteristics of proto-oncogene pim-2 and to analyze the related mechanism. Proto-oncogene pim-2 was studied and analyzed by the bioinformatics method and technology. With an online server, the chromosomal localization of pim-2 gene was analyzed, and the exon, open reading frame, CpG island and miRNAs complementary fragments and the like were predicted. With bioinformatics software, the physicochemical property of transcription protein of proto-oncogene pim-2 and various modification sites of protein sequence, such as ubiquitination and glycosylation, were predicted, the antigenic index was calculated, and the spatial structural was modeled. The research findings showed that the proto-oncogene pim-2 comprised six exons, the CDS (coding sequence) transcribed a section of peptide chain including 311 amino acids, a gene promoter has a CpG island, and the 3'UTR region contains an miRNA gene. The molecular weight of the Pim-2 protein was 34, 188.47, the isoelectric point was 5.78, the instability index was 45.87, and the extinction coefficient was 279nm. A plurality of covalent modification sites, two ubiquitination sites, four glycosylation sites, an SUMO sumoylation site, a nitrosation site, two palmitoylation sites and sixteen regions with higher antigenic index were distributed in the protein sequence. This research showed that the related regions and modification sites distributed on the sequence of proto-oncogene pim-2 were closely related to the carcinogenic effect thereof.