ObjectiveTo summarize the current status and progress of nutritional support therapy for pancreatic cancer in order to improve the understanding of the impact of nutritional support treatment on pancreatic cancer and guide clinical work.MethodThe literatures about nutritional support and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer at home and abroad were read and reviewed.ResultsFor most patients with malignant pancreatic tumors, nutritional risk or malnutrition might accompany them for a lifetime. Regular nutritional risk screening, timely nutritional assessment and necessary nutritional treatment played an extremely important role in the process of comprehensive anti-tumor treatment.ConclusionAlthough there are still some core problems to be solved in nutritional support therapy and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, its efficacy is gradually recognized and widely used by clinical workers, which might be helpful to improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Early screening is an important means to reduce breast cancer mortality. In order to solve the problem of low breast cancer screening rates caused by limited medical resources in remote and impoverished areas, this paper designs a breast cancer screening system aided with portable ultrasound Clarius. The system automatically segments the tumor area of the B-ultrasound image on the mobile terminal and uses the ultrasound radio frequency data on the cloud server to automatically classify the benign and malignant tumors. Experimental results in this study show that the accuracy of breast tumor segmentation reaches 98%, and the accuracy of benign and malignant classification reaches 82%, and the system is accurate and reliable. The system is easy to set up and operate, which is convenient for patients in remote and poor areas to carry out early breast cancer screening. It is beneficial to objectively diagnose disease, and it is the first time for the domestic breast cancer auxiliary screening system on the mobile terminal.
ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the preoperative nutritional risk and anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for the rectal cancer. MethodsA total of 321 patients with rectal cancer underwent anterior resection in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative nutritional status was evaluated using NRS 2002. Correlation of clinicopathologic characteristics with postoperative anastomotic leakage was evaluated using single factor analysis and Logistic regression model. ResultsAmong the 321 patients, the incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage was 5.6% (18/321). Single factor analysis showed that the NRS2002 score≥3, clinicalpathologic stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳstage) and distance of tumor from the anal verge were the risk factors of anastomotic leakage after anterior leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the NRS2002 score (OR=4.125, 95% CI=2.062-7.004), clinicalpathologic stage (OR=3.334, 95% CI=2.062-7.004) and the distance of tumor from the anal verge (OR=2.341, 95% CI=2.559-15.838) were the independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage after anterior leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer. Conciusions Preoperative NRS2002 score is helpful to predict the risk of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of rectal cancer. Nutrition education should be strengthened to decrease the morbidity of the anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for the patients who's NRS2002 score≥3.
ObjectiveTo analyze the prenatal screening data of Longquanyi district, and evaluate the effect of prenatal screening technology in birth defects prevention. MethodsA total of 10230 serum samples in Chengdu Longquanyi District Prenatal Screening Center from November 2010 to December 2012 were tested and analyzed, and the risk rates of Down's Syndrome, Trisomy 18 Syndrome and Open Neural Tube Defects (ONTDs) were obtained by Risk2T risk calculation software. The results of prenatal screening were verified and evaluated by high risk referral, pregnancy tracing and pregnancy outcome follow-up. ResultsIn the 10 230 pregnant women, the positive rate of Down's Syndrome was 6.02%, Trisomy 18 Syndrome was 0.42% and Open Neural Tube Defects was 0.57%, and compliance rate of prenatal diagnosis was 51.56%. In the 57 high risk pregnant women of ONTDs, 53 women selected system color doppler ultrasound with a proportion of 92.98%, but in the 647 high risk pregnant women of Down's or Trisomy 18 Syndrome, only 47.30% of them chose amniocentesis for diagnosis. The χ2 analysis showed that the difference was significant compared between system color doppler ultrasound and amniocentesis group (P<0.05). By diagnosis, 3 Down's Syndrome patients were found. ConclusionSecond trimester maternal serum prenatal screening plays an important role in birth defects prevention in Longquanyi district. However, there is a great need to improve compliance rate of prenatal diagnosis of Down's and Trisomy 18 Syndrome.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of patient-derived organoid (PDO) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in preclinical drug screening for gastric cancer, aiming to provide a new perspective for precise drug screening and promote the application of personalized medicine and precision medicine for gastric cancer. MethodA literature review was conducted on the use of PDO and PDX models in the basic research and preclinical drug screening for gastric cancer. ResultsThe PDO and PDX models of gastric cancer exhibited a higher tumor biological simulation capability and a relatively accurate preclinical drug response prediction. However, they each have some certain limitations. The advent of organoid models based on xenografting, which combines the advantages of both, is expected to compensate for their respective shortcomings. These models can better reflect the heterogeneity of patients’ tumors and have unique advantages in the evaluation of new targeted drugs for specific molecular targets in gastric cancer, such as epidermal growth factor receptor. They show a certain correlation with the actual clinical response of patients, paving a new way for the development of new drugs, the study of drug action and resistance mechanisms, and personalized therapy. ConclusionPDO and PDX models, as a highly promising research platform, show a great potential in the screening of anti-tumor drugs and the development of personalized medical strategies.
Systematic reviews (SRs) serve as a core methodology in evidence-based medicine (EBM), providing critical evidence for clinical practice and health decision-making. However, the manual screening of titles and abstracts in SRs is labor-intensive and time-consuming, becoming a major bottleneck in research efficiency. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), have introduced new opportunities and transformations in this field. This article provided an overview of the current status of intelligent screening for titles and abstracts in systematic reviews, with a focus on the application and effectiveness of LLMs. It aims to provide recommendations for users and developers, facilitating the better integration of automation algorithms into the SR process.
Objective To summarize the advancement of hereditary thrombophilia. Methods Relevant literatures about hereditary thrombophilia published recently domestic and abroad were reviewed and analyzed. Results The hereditary risk factors of venous thromboembolism were different among different races. In western population, the main risk factors were activated protein C resistance (APC-R) and mutation of factor V Leiden, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism (C677T) and prothrombin G20210A. While in Chinese population, the disorder of protein C system and hyperhomocysteinemia were the major genetic risk factor. The existence of multiple genetic risk factors increased the incidence of primary and recurrent venous thromboembolism. Conclusion Further study on the relations between the hereditary risk factors and thrombophilia will be very important for prediction and prevention of the venous thromboembolism.
ObjectiveTo provide reference for further treatment by analyzing the relationship between mutant genes of breast cancer and histological classification and molecular typing of breast cancer.MethodsRetrospectively collectted the pathological specimens of 46 breast cancer patients who treated by the Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital and the Dongguan Houjie Hospital between February 2016 and August 2017 without chemotherapy. Among the selected 46 breast cancer patients, we detected tumor tissue estrogen receptor (ER)/ pregnancy hormone receptor (PR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status by immunohistochemistry and classified the pathological tissue section. By using multiple PCR techniques, we detected 207 hot mutation regions of the 50 extended tumor-related genes on the semiconductor sequencing platform.ResultsThere were 8 cases of grade Ⅰ, 18 cases of grade Ⅱ, 20 cases of grade Ⅲ in 46 breast cancer patients according to histological grade. Of the 46 cases, there were 23 cases of Luminal B, 9 cases of Luminal A, 9 cases of HER-2 (+), 5 cases of type besal-like according to ER/PR/HER-2 expression status. Moreover, we found that there were 33 gene locus mutations of 8 genes, including AKT1, APC, BRAF, CDKN2A, KRAS, PTEN, PIK3CA, and TP53. Among of them, the mutation of PIK3CA gene took the most of 24 cases, followed by TP53 (18 cases), 2 cases of CDKN2A gene mutation, and 1 case in the remaining four types of genes respectively. we found that the gene mutations of breast cancer were not related to the histological classification and molecular type (P>0.05), the PIK3CA gene mutation was related to the histological classification of breast cancer, the lower the histological classification level, the higher PIK3CA gene mutation rate (P<0.05). TP53 gene mutation was not related to histological grading and molecular type (P>0.05).Conclusions The PIK3CA gene mutation rate in patients with histological grading Ⅰ level increased significantly. The combination of PIK3CA gene mutation and histological grading of breast cancer may become a molecular biological indicator to judge the degree of malignancy and prognosis of breast cancer.
Objective To determine the incidence of and risk fact ors for retino pathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants in Beijing after implementation of the ROP guidelines. Methods The preterm infants with birth weight le; 2000 g or gestational age le; 3 4 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units in 6 hospitals in Beijing from Jan. 1, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2005 were screened. Ophthalmologic examin ations started 3-4 weeks after birth and ROP was classified by the revised Inte r national Classification. Maternal and perinatal risk factors of occurrence of R OP were analyzed. Results In the 639 infants who had been scre ened in the 6 ho spitals, ROP was detected in 69 (10.8%), in whom 23 infants (39 eyes) (3.6%) had type 1 ROP and underwent photocoagulation. The lower the birth weight and small er the gestational age was, the higher the incidence of ROP was. Logistic regres sion analysis indicated that low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of R O P.Conclusion In Beijing the incidence of ROP is 10.8% after i mplementation of the ROP guidelines. Low birth weight, apnea gt;20 seconds, anemia, hypoxicischem ic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were the high risk factor of ROP.
ObjectiveTo establish a hereditary deafness genetic screening cohort and conduct prospective follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness of the Nantong newborn genetic deafness screening program. MethodsA study based on traditional screening of newborn hearing was conducted from January 2016 to June 2021. Newborns in six hospitals in Nantong were screened for 15 hotspot mutation loci in four common deafness genes. Cohort follow-up was conducted. ResultsA total of 40 403 newborns were included, with a carrier rate of 39.5 per 1 000 for the four common deafness genes. In total, 168 children with hearing loss (HL) were identified at screening and follow-up, of which 56.5% (95 cases) had severe or very severe HL. The detection rate of HL was significantly higher with combined screening than with traditional screening (3.0‰ vs. 3.9‰, P<0.001). All four carriers of pathogenic mutations with normal hearing developed late-onset HL within 2 years of age. At the end of follow-up, six of the polygenic heterozygous mutation carriers had congenital HL and five had late-onset HL. Carriers of polygenic heterozygous mutations were more common as compared to other carrier mutation populations (2.1% vs. 68.8%, P<0.001). In addition, 525 carriers of the SLC26A4 mutation and 118 carriers of the MT-RNR1 mutation were identified and their parents were counselled during the combined screening, and no children with HL was identified during the follow-up period. ConclusionGenetic screening for deafness improves the detection of HL at birth. It is recommended that carriers of pathogenic mutations with normal hearing at birth be followed up every 3 to 6 months until the age of 2 years. Carriers of polygenic heterozygous mutations should undergo extended screening for deafness genes and have their hearing monitored more intensively for early detection of late-onset or progressive HL.