【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsArticles have been reviewed to find out the theory of spontaneous rupture of HCC. ResultsResearchful results suggested that the injury of small arteries was usually followed in patients of spontaneous rupture of HCC. In this review, the immune complex, which composed of hepatitis B virus e antigen, complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of immune complex deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of immune complex was present. The small arteries in which immune complex deposited are readily injuried and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase. ConclusionWe would conclude that immune complex deposition in vessel wall led to the small arteries injury may be the factor involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous ruptured HCC.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and open hepatectomy (OH) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect the case-control studies about LH vs. OH for patients with HCC from inception to December, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 28 studies involving 1 908 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the LH group was superior to OH group on complications (OR=0.35, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.48, P<0.000 01), hospital stay (MD=–4.18, 95%CI (–5.08, –3.29),P<0.000 01), and five years overall survival rate (OR=1.65, 95%CI 1.23 to 2.19,P=0.000 7) and disease-free survival rate (OR=1.51, 95%CI 1.12 to 2.03, P=0.006). However, no significant differences were found in one year and three years overall survival rate, disease-free survival rate, and postoperative recurrence rate. Conclusion Current evidence shows that the LH is superior to OH for the treatment of HCC, and may be amenable to surgery because of its safety and longtime efficacy. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify above conclusion.
Objective To examine the effects of newly designed LY52 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and invasive ability of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The effects of LY52 on the proliferations of HepG2 cells were detected by MTT assay. Gelatin zymography and Western blot were used to detect the effects of LY52 on matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in the cell line. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the effects of LY52 on the invasion of the cells. Results No obvious inhibitory or cytotoxicity effects of LY52 was found in lower concentrations (lt;200 μg/ml) of LY52. Gelatin zymography and Western blot showed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression were inhibited by LY52 in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, transwell chamber assay showed that LY52 could significantly inhibit the invasion of the cell line in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion The results suggest that LY52 may inhibit the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by suppressing the matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity.
ObjectiveTo discuss the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on gastrointestinal hormone changes before and after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) operation. MethodsThe clinical data of 143 patients with HCC treated in this hospital from April 2007 to Febuary 2010 were analyzed, which 43 patients with DM (DM group) and 100 patients without DM (NDM group). Gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) levels were measured on day 3 before operation and on day 1, 2, and 7 after operation. Results① The blood MTL levels decreased and GAS levels increased on day 1, 2, and 7 after operation as compared with the levels before operation (all Plt;0.05). ② The blood MTL level and GAS level before operation in the DM group was higher than that in the NDM group (Plt;0.05), MTL level decreased while GAS level increased more significantly on day 1, 2, and 7 after operation (Plt;0.05). ③ The first anus exhausting time of patients with NDM was much earlier than that with DM (Plt;0.05). ④ The first anus exhausting time with DM over 10 years and fasting plasma glucose over 10 mmo1/L was obviously extended (Plt;0.05). ConclusionDM affectes GAS and MTL level changes after HCC operation, recovery of gastrointestinal function would be delayed if patients with long course of DM and poor control of plasma glucose.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of heat shock proteins 90α(HSP90α) in human hepatocellular carcinoma and the relationship between its expression and biologic behavior of tumor and prognosis. MethodsUsing the immunohistochemical SP method, HSP90α expression was detected in liver tissue from 10 normal individuals, 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. ResultsThe positive expression rate of HSP90α was 10.0%,52.5%,72.5% in normal liver tissues,adjacent noncancerous liver tissues,hepatocellular carcinous tissues respectively. A significantly higher distribution of HSP90α positive expression in HCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous liver tissues and normal liver tissues was obtained （P＜0.05）. The positive expression of HSP90α in HCC was correlated with clinical stage, tumor differentiation, serosal condition and lymph node metastasis （P＜0.05）, but not to tumor number （P＞0.05）. It was also correlated with prognosis of HCC. The mean tumorfree survival of patients with HSP90α negative expression was 38.6 months while that of HSP90α positive expression was 25.5 months （P＜0.05）. ConclusionHSP90α is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma. HSP90α could be used as an indicator to judge the clinical stage, tumor differentiation, serosal condition, lymph node metastasis and prognosis of HCC.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of the mRNA of cancer-testis antigen 9 (CT9) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The expression of CT9 mRNA was detected through RT-PCR in HCC tissues and their adjacent non-HCC tissues from 45 HCC patients. From CT9 RT-PCR positive products, 3 samples were selected randomly and were sequenced. ResultsCT9 mRNA was detectable in 51.1%(23/45) of HCC samples, and no expression of CT9 mRNA was detected in the adjacent non-HCC tissues. In addition, the RTPCR products were proved to be CT9 cDNA by DNA sequencing. No relationship was found between the expression of CT9 mRNA and clinical factors such as age, sex, tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, serum αfetoprotein level and infection of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus （Pgt;0.05）. ConclusionCT9 mRNA is expressed with high percentage and specificity in hepatocellular carcinomas. The CT9 gene product is a potential target for antigenspecific immunotherapy of HCC.
Objective To investigate the cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by rapamycin on human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and to study the role of mitochondrium membrane potential in the process of apoptosis. Methods Bel-7402 cells in vitro were given 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nmol/L different concentrations of rapamycin, and the cell growth inhibiting ratio of Bel-7402 was assessed by MTT assay. The changes of morphology of Bel-7402 were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively; The cell mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by using JC-1 staining method. Results Rapamycin could inhibit the growth of Bel-7402 cells significantly by inducing apoptosis, and the growth suppression and the cell apoptosis both presented time-effect relationship and were also dose-dependent. The rates of inhibiting and cell apoptosis after 72 h exposure to 50 nmol/L rapamycin were significantly higher that those of other groups (P＜0.01). Typical morphological changes of cell apoptosis were observed very clearly after the Bel-7402 cells had been exposed to rapamycin for 48 hours using Hoechst 33258 staining method, and it was also observed that the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased when apoptosis occured (P＜0.01). Conclusion Rapamycin could inhibit the growth of Bel-7402 cells by inducing cell apoptosis, and the descent of mitochondrial membrane potential may play an important role in the process of cell apoptosis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of signaling pathway about the EGFR, MAPK, IKB/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, WNT/beta-catenin, and the Hedgehog in development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). MethodsThe related literatures about the molecular genetic mechanism of signaling pathways were reviewed. ResultsIn the occurrence and development of HCC, the EGFR, MAPK, IKB/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, WNT/β-catenin, and Hedgehog signaling pathways not only interweaver with each other complexly, but also interact with each other, and some tumor markers, anticancer genes, proto-oncogenes, and miRNA may have synergistic effects for the occurrence of HCC. ConclusionThe abnormal changes of molecular signaling pathways is a necessary condition for the occurrence and development of tumor, and there is considerable cross-talk and redundancy to many signaling pathways.
Objective To investigate whether the growth of the human experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be suppressed by the antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). MethodsThe monoclonal antiVEGF antibody was injected to nude mice nearby the xenograft tumour foculs of the human SMMC7721 HCC. The changes of the tumour size were measured at different times. The intratumoural microvessels were showed by immunohistochemical staining of CD31 antigen; the apoptotic cells in the tumour tissues were detected in situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTPbiotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. ResultsIn the first and second week after finishing the injection procedure, the tumour sizes were compared as the length (mm) multiplying width (mm) between the two groups, the tumour sizes as the test group vs the control group were (26.46±19.81) mm2 vs (105.77±17.40) mm2 (P＜0.001) and (45.20±23.02) mm2 vs (150.77±77.41) mm2 (P＜0.05), respectively. After 2 weeks the intratumoural microvessel density (iMVD) and the apoptotic index (AI) were compared between two groups with iMVD being (2 311±120)/mm2 vs (3 900±328)/mm2(P＜0.001 ) and AI being (15.31% vs 6.83%), P＜0.005. Conclusion The antiVEGF antibody can suppress the xenograft tumour growth of the human SMMC7721 HCC by antiangiogenesis.In fact, its antitumour effect is produced by elevating the incidence of apoptosis in tumour tissues.
ObjectivesTo compare the survival outcomes between hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic angiosarcoma, and to develop and validate a nomogram predicting the outcome of hepatic angiosarcoma.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was electronically searched to collect the data of hepatic angiosarcoma patients and hepatocellular carcinoma patients from 2004 to 2016. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the two groups by the ratio of 1:3. Cox regression analysis was used to compare the survival outcomes between hepatic angiosarcoma and HCC. In the angiosarcoma group, population was divided into training set and validation set by 6:4. Nomograms were built for the prediction of half- and one- year survival, and validated by concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots.ResultsA total of 210 histologically confirmed hepatic angiosarcoma patients and 630 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were included. The overall survival of HCC was significantly longer than angiosarcoma (3-year survival: 18.4% vs. 6.7%, median survival: 5 months vs. 1 month, P<0.001), and the nomogram achieved good accuracy with an internal C-index of 0.751 and an external C-index of 0.737.ConclusionsThe overall survival of HCC is significantly longer than angiosarcoma. The proposed nomograms can assist to predict survival probability in patients with hepatic angiosarcoma. Due to limitation of the data of included patients, more high-quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.