Research progress on the mechanism of non-coding RNA in pulmonary fibrosis_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHANG Shijie , ZHANG Tianli , TONG Xiang , HUANG Jizhen ,  FAN Hong

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

FAN Hong, Email: fanhongfan@qq.com

Keywords：

Non-coding RNA; MicroRNA; Long non-coding RNA; Circular RNA; Pulmonary fibrosis

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202012309

Video：

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Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of chronic and fibrotic lung disease caused by a variety of reasons, and its main pathological characteristic is excessive scar formation after the destruction of normal lung tissue structure, which eventually leads to respiratory insufficiency. Although the research on the pathophysiological mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis has made great progress, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and it is still clinically incurable. In recent years, studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, therefore, this article summarizes the related research progress of non-coding RNA in regulation of pulmonary fibrosis by affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, fibroblast activation and function of macrophages, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Citation： ZHANG Shijie, ZHANG Tianli, TONG Xiang, HUANG Jizhen, FAN Hong. Research progress on the mechanism of non-coding RNA in pulmonary fibrosis. West China Medical Journal, 2021, 36(1): 91-96. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202012309 Copy

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2.	Upagupta C, Shimbori C, Alsilmi R, et al. Matrix abnormalities in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev, 2018, 27(148): 180033.
3.	Booton R, Lindsay MA. Emerging role of MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in respiratory disease. Chest, 2014, 146(1): 193-204.
4.	Valencia-Sanchez MA, Liu J, Hannon GJ, et al. Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs. Genes Dev, 2006, 20(5): 515-524.
5.	Guo H, Ingolia NT, Weissman JS, et al. Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels. Nature, 2010, 466(738): 835-840.
6.	Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell, 2009, 136(2): 215-233.
7.	Krol J, Loedige I, Filipowicz W. The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet, 2010, 11(9): 597-610.
8.	Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell, 2004, 116(2): 281-297.
9.	Friedman RC, Farh KK, Burge CB, et al. Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs. Genome Res, 2009, 19(1): 92-105.
10.	Feinberg MW, Moore KJ. MicroRNA regulation of atherosclerosis. Circ Res, 2016, 118(4): 703-720.
11.	Marchese FP, Raimondi I, Huarte M. The multidimensional mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function. Genome Biol, 2017, 18(1): 206.
12.	Schmitz SU, Grote P, Herrmann BG. Mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016, 73(13): 2491-2509.
13.	黄明华, 曾林祥. 非编码 RNA 与肺纤维化的相关研究进展. 生命科学, 2019, 31(1): 55-60.
14.	Wilusz JE, Sunwoo H, Spector DL. Long noncoding RNAs: functional surprises from the RNA world. Genes Dev, 2009, 23(13): 1494-1504.
15.	Salzman J. Circular RNA expression: its potential regulation and function. Trends Genet, 2016, 32(5): 309-316.
16.	Hsiao KY, Sun HS, Tsai SJ. Circular RNA - new member of noncoding RNA with novel functions. Exp Biol Med, 2017, 242(11): 1136-1141.
17.	Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, et al. Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature, 2013, 495(7441): 333-338.
18.	Richeldi L, Collard HR, Jones MG. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet, 2017, 389(10082): 1941-1952.
19.	周俊海, 黄瑞雪. 长链非编码 RNA 在肺纤维化中作用机制的研究进展. 中国药理学与毒理学杂志, 2018, 32(10): 805-809.
20.	Ding Q, Luckhardt T, Hecker L, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drugs, 2011, 71(8): 981-1001.
21.	Pandit KV, Milosevic J, Kaminski N. MicroRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res, 2011, 157(4): 191-199.
22.	Chilosi M, Caliò A, Rossi A, et al. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related proteins ZEB1, β-catenin, and β-tubulin-Ⅲ in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mod Pathol, 2017, 30(1): 26-38.
23.	Yang S, Banerjee S, De Freitas A, et al. Participation of miR-200 in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol, 2012, 180(2): 484-493.
24.	Cao Y, Liu Y, Ping F, et al. miR-200b/c attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced early pulmonary fibrosis by targeting ZEB1/2 via p38 MAPK and TGF-β/smad3 signaling pathways. Lab Invest, 2018, 98(3): 339-359.
25.	Moimas S, Salton F, Kosmider B, et al. miR-200 family members reduce senescence and restore idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell transdifferentiation. ERJ Open Res, 2019, 5(4): 00138-2019.
26.	Lei GS, Kline HL, Lee CH, et al. Regulation of collagenV expression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition by miR-185 and miR-186 during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol, 2016, 186(9): 2310-2316.
27.	Wang D, Liu Z, Yan Z, et al. MiRNA-155-5p inhibits epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting GSK-3β during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2021, 697: 108699.
28.	Qi Y, Zhao A, Yang P, et al. miR-34a-5p attenuates EMT through targeting SMAD4 in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(20): 12219-12224.
29.	Yan W, Wu Q, Yao W, et al. MiR-503 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting PI3K p85 and is sponged by lncRNA MALAT1. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 11313.
30.	Takano M, Nekomoto C, Kawami M, et al. Role of miR-34a in TGF-β1- and Drug-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition in alveolar type II epithelial cells. J Pharm Sci, 2017, 106(9): 2868-2872.
31.	Wu G, Xie B, Lu C, et al. microRNA-30a attenuates TGF-β1-induced activation of pulmonary fibroblast cell by targeting FAP-α. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(6): 3745-3750.
32.	Wei YQ, Yf G, Yang SM, et al. MiR-340-5p mitigates the proliferation and activation of fibroblast in lung fibrosis by targeting TGF-β/p38/ATF1 signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020, 24(11): 6252-6261.
33.	Yuan J, Li P, Pan H, et al. miR-542-5p attenuates fibroblast activation by targeting integrin α6 in Silica-Induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci, 2018, 19(12): 3717.
34.	Souma K, Shichino S, Hashimoto S, et al. Lung fibroblasts Express a miR-19a-19b-20a sub-cluster to suppress TGF-β-associated fibroblast activation in murine pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 16642.
35.	Zeng X, Huang C, Senavirathna L, et al. miR-27b inhibits fibroblast activation via targeting TGFβ signaling pathway. BMC Cell Biol, 2017, 18(1): 9.
36.	Yao MY, Zhang WH, Ma WT, et al. microRNA-328 in exosomes derived from M2 macrophages exerts a promotive effect on the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via FAM13A in a rat model. Exp Mol Med, 2019, 51(6): 1-16.
37.	Su S, Zhao Q, He C, et al. miR-142-5p and miR-130a-3p are regulated by IL-4 and IL-13 and control profibrogenic macrophage program. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8523.
38.	Szanto A, Balint BL, Nagy ZS, et al. STAT6 transcription factor isa facilitator of the nuclear receptor PPARγ-regulated gene expression in macrophages and dendritic cells. Immunity, 2010, 33(5): 699-712.
39.	Huang CQ, Yang Y, Liu L. Interaction of long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Physiol Genomics, 2015, 47(10): 463-469.
40.	Cao G, Zhang J, Wang M, et al. Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Int J Mol Med, 2013, 32(2): 355-364.
41.	Sun H, Chen JJ, Qian WY, et al. Integrated long non-coding RNA analyses identify novel regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2016, 20(7): 1234-1246.
42.	Liu Y, Li Y, Xu Q, et al. Long non-coding RNA-ATB promotes EMT during silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by competitively binding miR-200c. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 2018, 1864(2): 420-431.
43.	Qian W, Cai X, Qian Q. Sirt1 antisense long non-coding RNA attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through sirt1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Aging (Albany NY), 2020, 12(5): 4322-4336.
44.	Yang W, Li X, Qi S, et al. lncRNA H19 is involved in TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in bovine epithelial cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Peer J, 2017, 5: e3950.
45.	Cai W, Xu H, Zhang B, et al. Differential expression of lncRNAs during silicosis and the role of LOC103691771 in myofibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 125: 109980.
46.	Xiao T, Zou Z, Xue J, et al. LncRNA H19-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages promotes myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis induced by arsenic exposure. Environ Pollut, 2021, 268(Pt A): 115810.
47.	Song X, Cao G, Jing L, et al. Analysing the relationship between lncRNA and protein-coding gene and the role of lncRNA as ceRNA in pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2014, 18(6): 991-1003.
48.	Huang C, Liang Y, Zeng X, et al. Long noncoding RNA FENDRR exhibits antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2020, 62(4): 440-453.
49.	Gong L, Zhu L, Yang T. Fendrr involves in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis via regulating miR-106b/SMAD3 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 524(1): 169-177.
50.	Lu Q, Guo Z, Xie W, et al. The lncRNA H19 mediates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-196a/COL1A1 axis. Inflammation, 2018, 41(3): 896-903.
51.	Wang X, Cheng Z, Dai L, et al. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA H19 represses the progress of pulmonary fibrosis through the transforming growth factor β/Smad3 pathway by regulating MicroRNA 140. Mol Cell Biol, 2019, 39(12): e00119-e00143.
52.	Wilusz JE, Sharp PA. Molecular biology. A circuitous route to noncoding RNA. Science, 2013, 340(6131): 440-441.
53.	Li R, Wang Y, Song X, et al. Potential regulatory role of circular RNA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Mol Med, 2018, 42(6): 3256-3268.
54.	Li J, Li P, Zhang G, et al. CircRNA TADA2A relieves idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Cell Death Dis, 2020, 11(7): 553.
55.	Chang YS, Luo W, Li Z, et al. CircRNA-012091/PPP1R13B–mediated lung fibrotic response in silicosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2019, 61(3): 380-391.
56.	Yao W, Li Y, Han L, et al. The CDR1as/miR-7/TGFBR2 axis modulates EMT in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Sci, 2018, 166(2): 465-478.
57.	Zhou ZW, Jiang R, Yang XY, et al. circRNA mediates silica-induced macrophage activation via HECTD1/ZC3H12A-dependent ubiquitination. Theranostics, 2018, 8(2): 575-592.

1. Lederer DJ, Martinez FJ. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. N EnglJ Med, 2018, 378(19): 1811-1823.
2. Upagupta C, Shimbori C, Alsilmi R, et al. Matrix abnormalities in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev, 2018, 27(148): 180033.
3. Booton R, Lindsay MA. Emerging role of MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in respiratory disease. Chest, 2014, 146(1): 193-204.
4. Valencia-Sanchez MA, Liu J, Hannon GJ, et al. Control of translation and mRNA degradation by miRNAs and siRNAs. Genes Dev, 2006, 20(5): 515-524.
5. Guo H, Ingolia NT, Weissman JS, et al. Mammalian microRNAs predominantly act to decrease target mRNA levels. Nature, 2010, 466(738): 835-840.
6. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell, 2009, 136(2): 215-233.
7. Krol J, Loedige I, Filipowicz W. The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet, 2010, 11(9): 597-610.
8. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell, 2004, 116(2): 281-297.
9. Friedman RC, Farh KK, Burge CB, et al. Most mammalian mRNAs are conserved targets of microRNAs. Genome Res, 2009, 19(1): 92-105.
10. Feinberg MW, Moore KJ. MicroRNA regulation of atherosclerosis. Circ Res, 2016, 118(4): 703-720.
11. Marchese FP, Raimondi I, Huarte M. The multidimensional mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function. Genome Biol, 2017, 18(1): 206.
12. Schmitz SU, Grote P, Herrmann BG. Mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016, 73(13): 2491-2509.
13. 黄明华, 曾林祥. 非编码 RNA 与肺纤维化的相关研究进展. 生命科学, 2019, 31(1): 55-60.
14. Wilusz JE, Sunwoo H, Spector DL. Long noncoding RNAs: functional surprises from the RNA world. Genes Dev, 2009, 23(13): 1494-1504.
15. Salzman J. Circular RNA expression: its potential regulation and function. Trends Genet, 2016, 32(5): 309-316.
16. Hsiao KY, Sun HS, Tsai SJ. Circular RNA - new member of noncoding RNA with novel functions. Exp Biol Med, 2017, 242(11): 1136-1141.
17. Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, et al. Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature, 2013, 495(7441): 333-338.
18. Richeldi L, Collard HR, Jones MG. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lancet, 2017, 389(10082): 1941-1952.
19. 周俊海, 黄瑞雪. 长链非编码 RNA 在肺纤维化中作用机制的研究进展. 中国药理学与毒理学杂志, 2018, 32(10): 805-809.
20. Ding Q, Luckhardt T, Hecker L, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drugs, 2011, 71(8): 981-1001.
21. Pandit KV, Milosevic J, Kaminski N. MicroRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res, 2011, 157(4): 191-199.
22. Chilosi M, Caliò A, Rossi A, et al. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related proteins ZEB1, β-catenin, and β-tubulin-Ⅲ in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mod Pathol, 2017, 30(1): 26-38.
23. Yang S, Banerjee S, De Freitas A, et al. Participation of miR-200 in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol, 2012, 180(2): 484-493.
24. Cao Y, Liu Y, Ping F, et al. miR-200b/c attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced early pulmonary fibrosis by targeting ZEB1/2 via p38 MAPK and TGF-β/smad3 signaling pathways. Lab Invest, 2018, 98(3): 339-359.
25. Moimas S, Salton F, Kosmider B, et al. miR-200 family members reduce senescence and restore idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell transdifferentiation. ERJ Open Res, 2019, 5(4): 00138-2019.
26. Lei GS, Kline HL, Lee CH, et al. Regulation of collagenV expression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition by miR-185 and miR-186 during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol, 2016, 186(9): 2310-2316.
27. Wang D, Liu Z, Yan Z, et al. MiRNA-155-5p inhibits epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by targeting GSK-3β during radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2021, 697: 108699.
28. Qi Y, Zhao A, Yang P, et al. miR-34a-5p attenuates EMT through targeting SMAD4 in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(20): 12219-12224.
29. Yan W, Wu Q, Yao W, et al. MiR-503 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting PI3K p85 and is sponged by lncRNA MALAT1. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 11313.
30. Takano M, Nekomoto C, Kawami M, et al. Role of miR-34a in TGF-β1- and Drug-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition in alveolar type II epithelial cells. J Pharm Sci, 2017, 106(9): 2868-2872.
31. Wu G, Xie B, Lu C, et al. microRNA-30a attenuates TGF-β1-induced activation of pulmonary fibroblast cell by targeting FAP-α. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(6): 3745-3750.
32. Wei YQ, Yf G, Yang SM, et al. MiR-340-5p mitigates the proliferation and activation of fibroblast in lung fibrosis by targeting TGF-β/p38/ATF1 signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020, 24(11): 6252-6261.
33. Yuan J, Li P, Pan H, et al. miR-542-5p attenuates fibroblast activation by targeting integrin α6 in Silica-Induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci, 2018, 19(12): 3717.
34. Souma K, Shichino S, Hashimoto S, et al. Lung fibroblasts Express a miR-19a-19b-20a sub-cluster to suppress TGF-β-associated fibroblast activation in murine pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 16642.
35. Zeng X, Huang C, Senavirathna L, et al. miR-27b inhibits fibroblast activation via targeting TGFβ signaling pathway. BMC Cell Biol, 2017, 18(1): 9.
36. Yao MY, Zhang WH, Ma WT, et al. microRNA-328 in exosomes derived from M2 macrophages exerts a promotive effect on the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via FAM13A in a rat model. Exp Mol Med, 2019, 51(6): 1-16.
37. Su S, Zhao Q, He C, et al. miR-142-5p and miR-130a-3p are regulated by IL-4 and IL-13 and control profibrogenic macrophage program. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 8523.
38. Szanto A, Balint BL, Nagy ZS, et al. STAT6 transcription factor isa facilitator of the nuclear receptor PPARγ-regulated gene expression in macrophages and dendritic cells. Immunity, 2010, 33(5): 699-712.
39. Huang CQ, Yang Y, Liu L. Interaction of long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Physiol Genomics, 2015, 47(10): 463-469.
40. Cao G, Zhang J, Wang M, et al. Differential expression of long non-coding RNAs in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Int J Mol Med, 2013, 32(2): 355-364.
41. Sun H, Chen JJ, Qian WY, et al. Integrated long non-coding RNA analyses identify novel regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2016, 20(7): 1234-1246.
42. Liu Y, Li Y, Xu Q, et al. Long non-coding RNA-ATB promotes EMT during silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by competitively binding miR-200c. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis, 2018, 1864(2): 420-431.
43. Qian W, Cai X, Qian Q. Sirt1 antisense long non-coding RNA attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through sirt1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Aging (Albany NY), 2020, 12(5): 4322-4336.
44. Yang W, Li X, Qi S, et al. lncRNA H19 is involved in TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in bovine epithelial cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Peer J, 2017, 5: e3950.
45. Cai W, Xu H, Zhang B, et al. Differential expression of lncRNAs during silicosis and the role of LOC103691771 in myofibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 125: 109980.
46. Xiao T, Zou Z, Xue J, et al. LncRNA H19-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages promotes myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis induced by arsenic exposure. Environ Pollut, 2021, 268(Pt A): 115810.
47. Song X, Cao G, Jing L, et al. Analysing the relationship between lncRNA and protein-coding gene and the role of lncRNA as ceRNA in pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med, 2014, 18(6): 991-1003.
48. Huang C, Liang Y, Zeng X, et al. Long noncoding RNA FENDRR exhibits antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2020, 62(4): 440-453.
49. Gong L, Zhu L, Yang T. Fendrr involves in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis via regulating miR-106b/SMAD3 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2020, 524(1): 169-177.
50. Lu Q, Guo Z, Xie W, et al. The lncRNA H19 mediates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-196a/COL1A1 axis. Inflammation, 2018, 41(3): 896-903.
51. Wang X, Cheng Z, Dai L, et al. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA H19 represses the progress of pulmonary fibrosis through the transforming growth factor β/Smad3 pathway by regulating MicroRNA 140. Mol Cell Biol, 2019, 39(12): e00119-e00143.
52. Wilusz JE, Sharp PA. Molecular biology. A circuitous route to noncoding RNA. Science, 2013, 340(6131): 440-441.
53. Li R, Wang Y, Song X, et al. Potential regulatory role of circular RNA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Mol Med, 2018, 42(6): 3256-3268.
54. Li J, Li P, Zhang G, et al. CircRNA TADA2A relieves idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Cell Death Dis, 2020, 11(7): 553.
55. Chang YS, Luo W, Li Z, et al. CircRNA-012091/PPP1R13B–mediated lung fibrotic response in silicosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2019, 61(3): 380-391.
56. Yao W, Li Y, Han L, et al. The CDR1as/miR-7/TGFBR2 axis modulates EMT in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Sci, 2018, 166(2): 465-478.
57. Zhou ZW, Jiang R, Yang XY, et al. circRNA mediates silica-induced macrophage activation via HECTD1/ZC3H12A-dependent ubiquitination. Theranostics, 2018, 8(2): 575-592.

West China Medical Journal

Research progress on the mechanism of non-coding RNA in pulmonary fibrosis

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