Objective The aim of this study was to describe the trends in the burden of breast cancer in women of all ages in China from 1990 to 2021, compare it with the global burden of breast cancer in women, and predict the burden of disease in the next 15 years. Methods Based on the open data of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2021, the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of breast cancer among women in China and the world were analyzed. Joinpoint was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to reflect the changing trend of disease burden. An autoregressive composite moving average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the disease burden of breast cancer in women from 2022 to 2036. Results From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of female breast cancer in China showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 2.400 7% and 2.334 8%, respectively, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) showed a decreasing trend. The average annual decline was 0.290 0% and 0.198 3%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASIR and ASPR of global female breast cancer also showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 0.474 9% and 0.3445 2% respectively, while ASMR and ASDR showed a decreasing trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.425 2% and 0.321 8% respectively. Among them, there were differences in the impact of age on the burden of female breast cancer. The peak of ASIR and ASPR appeared in the age group of 50 to 69 years old, and generally increased with the increase of age, and then decreased when reaching the peak. ASMR and ASDR increased with age. In the following 15 years, the prevalence of breast cancer in women in China and globally showed an increasing trend, while the mortality rate showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion From the analysis of the disease burden from 1990 to 2021, breast cancer has a huge harm to women, and the incidence of young and middle-aged women is high, the death rate of middle-aged and elderly women is high, and the disease time is long, which brings a heavy psychological and economic burden to patients and society. From the trend forecast for the next 15 years, the prevalence of breast cancer in women in China and the world will increase, while the mortality rate will decrease slightly, but the decrease is not large, which will bring huge public health challenges and put higher requirements on the prevention and control of the disease. To reduce the disease burden of breast cancer, comprehensive strategies for disease control are needed, including prevention of risk factors at the primary care level, screening of at-risk populations, and quality medical services.
【摘要】 目的 调查汶川地震伤残人员的日常生活活动能力(ADL),分析影响伤残人员日常生活活动能力的相关因素,为汶川地震伤残人员的社区康复提供依据。方法 利用ADL量表对283名汶川地震伤残人员的日常生活活动能力进行测量。结果 283名伤残人员地震伤残人员ADL平均得分为85.08±14.73,其中20.8%ADL完全正常,71.0%的伤残人员ADL日常生活能力轻度障碍,8.2%ADL中重度障碍；经多因素分析,地震伤残人员ADL的主要影响因素依次是:伤残程度、伤残合并疾病、伤残并发症、是否参与残疾人组织或相关活动(Plt;0.05)。结论 伤残人员ADL关键在于残疾程度,避免伤残并发症和二次残疾的发生,控制伤残合并疾病的发生,增加伤残人员的社会参与度,均有利于伤残人员ADL的提高。
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden and development trend of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe changes of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and their corresponding age-normalization rates for NHL were analyzed by using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Database. Regression analysis was performed by Joinpoint software to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of standardized morbidity, standardized mortality, standardized DALY rate to reflect the change trend of disease burden. And the results were compared with global data. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of NHL in China showed an overall increasing trend. Compared with 2019, the standard incidence rate, standard mortality rate and standard DALY rate of NHL in China increased by 144.72%, 27.17% and 15.61%, respectively. The annual rates of change were 3.12%, 0.80% and 0.51%, respectively. There were gender and age differences in disease burden. The burden of disease increased with age, and the burden of disease was higher in males than in females. ConclusionThe disease burden of NHL in China shows an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. With the development of diagnosis and treatment options, the disease burden has decreased in recent years, but it is still higher than the global level. There is still a need to strengthen research on its pathogenesis and treatment options, and to actively intervene in high-risk groups to reduce the disease burden of NHL.
目的 评估中医药临床研究是否与我国主要疾病负担相关。 方法 首先从1999年－2004年出版的13种中医、中西医结合杂志中手工检索出随机对照试验（RCT），并提取出杂志名称、出版年限、治疗的疾病类别及样本含量等数据。然后采用死亡率和伤残调整寿命年（DALY）作为衡量标准，统计2002年我国疾病负担前30位病因的RCT数量，采用秩相关分析这些疾病负担与发表的中医药RCT及其受试者数量的关系。 结果 最终确认7 422个RCT，约38%的RCT来自于3种国家级杂志。这些RCT覆盖了我国疾病负担中的主要病种，其中4 280个RCT（57.7%）研究前30位病因合并产生的42个病种，只有3个病种（7%）没有任何RCT研究。采用DALY得到的相关系数分别是0.108（P=0.569）、0.092（P=0.628），通过死亡率产生的相关系数分别是0.453（P=0.012）、0.536（P=0.002）。 结论 中医药RCT与采用死亡率衡量的疾病负担明显相关，但采用DALY分析却未发现二者存在相关性。中医药临床研究可能更注重死亡率高的病种，一定程度上忽略了DALY衡量的疾病负担。
ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData was obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and their corresponding standardized rate and annual average percentage change (AAPC) were used to describe the changes of disease burden of colorectal cancer in Chinese population between 1990 and 2019.ResultsCompared with 1990, the number of new cases, standardized incidence, the number of deaths and standardized mortality of CRC in China in 2019 increased by 474.03%, 144.01%, 230.14%, and 36.15%, respectively. The standardized mortality and standardized incidence of CRC in China had reached and gradually exceeded the global level since 2010. From 1990 to 2019, the overall standard incidence (AAPC=3.6%, P<0.05), standard mortality rate (AAPC=1.4%, P<0.05), and the standard DALY rate (AAPC=1.2%, P<0.05) of CRC in China showed an increasing trend. The incidence, mortality and DALY rates of males were higher than those of females, and gradually increased with age. Compared with 1990, the DALY, YLL, and YLD of CRC in 2019 increased by 134.3%, 127.69%, and 445.00%, and their corresponding standardized rates increased by 30.53%, 27.03%, and 187.29%, respectively, showing an overall upward trend.ConclusionsFrom 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate of colorectal cancer in China have had a continuously increasing trend, and males and the elderly are high-risk groups. To reduce the burden of colorectal cancer in China, effective measures should be taken for prevention and management.
ObjectivesTo estimate the latest burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for liver cancer in China and the long-term trend, and to make future prediction.MethodsBased on the visualization platform of Global Burden of Disease 2016, data on the DALYs for liver cancer in China was extracted. The very recent status in 2016 and the previous trend from 1990 to 2016 were described, using annualized rate of change (ARC). The burden from 2017 to 2050 was further predicted by combining the ARC and the Chinese population data projected by the United Nation.ResultsIn 2016, the total DALYs for liver cancer in China was estimated as 11 539 000 person years (accounting for 54.6% of the global burden), and years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) contributed 98.9% and 1.1%, respectively. The age-standardized DALY rate was 844.1 per 100 000 (3.0 times of the global average) and the male-to-female ratio was 3.4. The DALY rate continuously increased from 1990–2016 (ARC=0.57%), particularly in recent 5 years (ARC=1.75%). Among the DALYs for all cancers, liver cancer contributed approximately 20% and constantly remained as the top 2 (ranking as the number one before year 2005). There were inverse trends in gender, with increasing in males and decreasing in females (ARC was 0.77% and –0.11%, respectively). Hepatitis B infection continually kept the leading cause of DALYs for liver cancer (accounting for nearly 57%), and the DALY rate was gradually increasing (ARC=0.43%). Although the peak age of DALY rate was stable at 65to 69 years, the peak age of the DALYs changed from 55 to 59 years in 1990 to 60 ~ 64 years in 2016. In 2050, the estimated DALYs for liver cancer in China will reach 14.37 million person years, 20.0% more than that in 2017.ConclusionsThe DALYs caused by liver cancer in China exceeds the overall burden of all other countries in the world, and accounts for 1/5 of DALYs for all cancers in local population. The burden in males has been continuously rising, and the leading cause remained unchanged as hepatitis B infection. With population aging, the DALYs for liver cancer in China will be incessant to increase, suggesting the necessity to implement continuous effort in risk factors prevention (e.g. hepatitis B infection), and efficient management in high risk population of liver cancer.
Objective To summarize and categorize the epidemiological evaluation indicators of disease burden, and to explore and analyze the research gaps in the existing evaluation indicators of disease burden. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched by computer to obtain qualitative studies on evaluation indicators of disease burden. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2023. CASP was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and thematic analysis was used to summarize the evaluation indicators of disease burden by NVivo 12 software. Results A total of 19 studies were included, of which 10 studies were of high quality and 9 studies were of medium quality. The evaluation indicators of disease burden were summarized into two three-level core themes: positive indicators and negative indicators. Five second-level analytic themes were used: disease indicators, life loss indicators, life expectancy indicators, cause removal indicators and health status indicators. Twenty-nine level-1 descriptive themes. Conclusion The evaluation indicators of disease burden have their respective scopes of application and limitations. It is necessary to continue strengthening the construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system for disease burden, so that it is comparable and reliable, can adapt to local calculation weights, and covers both family burden and social burden.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological burden and change trend of five sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe estimated numbers and standardized rates of STIs incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in China and other regions were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The epidemic burden and change trend of STIs in China were compared and evaluated. ResultsIn 2019, STIs affected about 242 million people in China, resulting in 173 million new cases and 350 000 person years of DALY losses. Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of STIs increased by 59.75% and 30.02%, respectively, and the number of DALY decreased by 35.19%. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of chlamydia infection and gonococcal infection in the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) showed an upward trend; in addition, the DALY rate of genital herpes and trichomoniasis also increased. Among the 5 STIs, the disease burden caused by trichomoniasis infection in women was much higher than that in men. With the increase in the socio-demographic index (SDI), the burden of STIs in China gradually decreased. After the SDI exceeded 0.65, the decline rate of standardized DALY rate sharply increased. ConclusionThe disease burden of STIs in China shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, and the disease burden of the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) is the most significant, especially in trichomoniasis and chlamydia infection.
【摘要】 目的 评价SF-36量表在测量地震伤残人员生存质量中的信度和效度。 方法 利用自填法及访谈相结合的方式调查201例绵竹市某镇地震伤残人员，用重测信度和Cronbach’s α系数分析SF-36信度；因子分析方法分析效度。 结果 SF-36各领域的重测信度分别为:生理功能（PF）0.78、生理问题对功能的限制（RP）0.85、躯体疼痛（BP）0.92、健康总体评价（GH）0.82、活力（VT）0.77、社会功能（SF）0.71、心理问题对功能的限制（RE）0.79、精神健康（MH）0.66；各领域的Cronbach’s α系数分别为:PF 0.89、RP 0.75、BP 0.84、GH 0.86、VT 0.78、SF 0.72、RE0.86、MH 0.50。因子分析共提取了6个主成分，基本反映了量表的8个维度，与量表的结构构思基本相符。 结论 自填法及面对面访谈相结合的方式，将SF-36量表用于该地地震伤残人员生存质量测定具有较好的信度和效度。【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the validity and reliability of the MOS-36-item Short Form of Health Survey (SF-36) measuring the quality of life (QOL) of disabled people injured in the earthquake. Methods A total of 201 disabled people injured in the earthquake in a town of Mianzhu city were investigated via questionnaire combined with a face-to-face interview. The reliability of the SF-36 was assessed by test-retest reliability and Cronbach’s α coefficient. The validity was assessed through factor analysis. Results The test-retest reliability of the SF-36 included: physical functioning (PF) 0.78, role limitation due to physical problems (RP) 0.85, body pain (BP) 0.92, general health (GH) 0.82, vitality (VT) 0.77, social functioning (SF) 0.71, role limitation due to emotional problems (RE) 0.79, and mental health (MH) 0.66. The Cronbach’s α coefficients were as the follows: PF 0.89, RP 0.75, BP 0.84, GH 0.86, VT 0.78, SF 0.72, RE 0.86, and MH 0.50. Six principal components were extracted by factor analysis and the constructs of the obtained instrument were consistent with the conceived concept in essence. Conclusion The SF-36 survey could measure the QOL in disabled people injured in the earthquake with better reliability and validity by questionnaire combined with a face-to-face interview.