Objective To study the relationships between expressions of somatostatin receptor subtypes（SSTR1-SSTR5） and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Methods The expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5, VEGF, and CD34 in the paraffin sections of colorectal cancer tissues from 127 cases were detected by the standard streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) technique. CD34 was used as a marker to account microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal cancer tissues. The relationships between the expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5 and VEGF expression, or MVD were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 was 64.6% （82/127）, 36.2% （46/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, and 38.6% （49/127） in colorectal cancer tissues, meanwhile, the positive expression rate of VEGF was 63.8% （81/127） and MVD was (34.67±16.62)/HP in colorectal cancer tissues. The positive expression rate of VEGF (47.8%， 22/46) and MVD 〔(29.00±15.32)/HP〕 in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 positive expression were significantly lower than those in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 negative expression 〔72.8%， 59/81； (37.90±16.56)/HP〕, Plt;0.05. There were no relationships between SSTR1, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 expression and VEGF expression or MVD （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion The positive expression of SSTR2 is related with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer tissues.
ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of the residence of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) on surgical characteristics in the current version Database from Colorectal Cancer (DACCA). MethodsAccording to the established screening conditions, the patients with CRC were collected from the updated version of DACCA on January 23, 2023. The analysis indicators enrolled in this study included: the grouping indicator was residence, the surgical characteristic indicators included the surgical timing, surgical nature, expanded resection, intersphincteric resection (ISR) type, patient’s willingness of preserving the anus, and whether preserving the anus. The patients were categorized into three groups based on the residence: inside Chengdu City, outside Chengdu City within Sichuan Province, and outside Sichuan Province. The surgical characteristic indicators of patients with CRC from different residences were comparatively analyzed. ResultsA total of 6 832 analyzable data rows were enrolled. The results of statistical analysis revealed the following findings: there were no statistical differences in the surgery timing and surgery nature among the patients with colon cancer or rectal cancer from the different residences (Surgery timing: H=1.665, P=0.435; H=4.153, P=0.125. Surgery nature: χ2=1.586, P=0.453; χ2=0.990, P=0.610); For the patients with rectal cancer from the different residences, the distributions of the ISR type (H=0.514, P=0.773), patients’ willingness of preserving the anus (χ2=1.437, P=0.487), and whether preserving the anus (χ2=5.513, P=0.064) had no statistical differences. In addition, although there was no statistical difference in the distribution of expanded resection or not among the patients with rectal cancer in different residences (χ2=2.363, P=0.307), it was found that there was statistical difference in the distribution of enlarged resection or not among the patients with colon cancer in different residences (χ2=17.324, P＜0.001). ConclusionsFrom the data analysis in DACCA, there are not statistical differences in surgical characteristic indicators such as surgical timing, surgical nature, ISR type, patients’ willingness of preserving the anus, and whether preserving the anus among patients with colon or rectal cancer from different residences. However, the proportion of underwent expanded surgery in the colon cancer patients who from outside Sichuan Province as compared with inside Sichuan Province is relatively higher, this suggests that surgical difficulty is more difficult for the patients from outside Sichuan Province.
ObjectiveTo elucidate the clinical and pathological features and review the progress of diagnosis and treatment in patients with brain metastasis (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), so as to provide a reference for the whole process management for patients with BM from CRC in China.MethodThe latest research results and previous literatures about patients with BM from CRC were reviewed.ResultsThe prognosis of BM from CRC was poor, its molecular pathological mechanism was complex and diverse, and some risk factors associated with the occurrence of BM had been identified. Typical imaging features of BM from CRC were helpful to the diagnosis of patients. At present, radiotherapy was still the main treatment. Bevacizumab treatment or immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy was expected to improve the survival of BM from CRC.ConclusionScientific and standardized prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are beneficial to reduce incidence of BM from CRC and improve survival.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between occupational type of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and decision-making and curative effect of neoadjuvant therapy in the current version of the Database from Colorectal Cancer (DACCA). MethodsThe eligible CRC patients were collected from June 29, 2022 updated DACCA according to the screening criteria, in which the data items analyzed included: gender, age, BMI, blood type, marriage, occupation, neoadjuvant therapy, symptomatic changes, imaging changes, and tumor regression grade (TRG), and the occupations were classified into the mental labour group, physical labour group, and the unemployed and resident groups according to the type of labour, then compared the decision-making and curative effect of neoadjuvant therapy among the 3 groups. ResultsA total of 2 415 eligible data were screened, of which 1 160 (48.0%) were the most in the manual labour group, followed by 877 (36.3%) in the unemployed and resident group, and finally 378 (15.7%) in the mental labour group. The proportion of those who did not use targeted drugs was higher in both patients ≤60 years old and >60 years old [75.6% (958/1 267) vs. 82.5% (947/1 148)], with both differences being statistically significant (P=0.004 and P=0.019), and among patients >60 years old, the different occupational types were associated with symptomatic changes and imaging changes after neoadjuvant therapy, with the highest number of both changes to partial remission [71.5% (161/225) vs. 66.7% (148/222)], both differences being statistically significant (P=0.001 and P=0.017). ConclusionThe analysis results of DACCA data reveal that the occupational type of CRC patients was associated with the choice of neoadjuvant therapy, and that different occupational types were associated with changes in curative effect before and after neoadjuvant therapy in CRC patients >60 years old, which needs to be further analysis for the reasons.
ObjectiveTo summarizes the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of colorectal cells, the occurrence and development of cancer cells, and their interactions with the tumor niche of colorectal cancer (CRC) from the perspective of the tumor niche, exploring new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. MethodThe relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years on the researches of mechanism of the occurrence and development of CRC and its relation with the tumor niche of CRC was searched and reviewed. ResultsThe theory of tumor ecology indicates that the human normal body can be regarded as a relatively closed and perfect ecosystem. Each normal tissue and organ within the body represent a niche in this ecosystem, which interact, affect, and symbiotically coexist with each other, forming a dynamic ecological balance. Tumor cells, being a “new species” distinct from normal tissue cells, “invade” the ecological system of the normal body under specific conditions and interact with the surrounding microenvironment, which is defined as the tumor niche. Analysis of current literature retrieved from the perspective of the tumor niche suggested that, although genetic factors are involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cells, the majority of such carcinogenesis stems from the continuous stimulation of the colorectal niche. Current research primarily focuses on the conclusion that the carcinogenesis of colorectal cells is associated with factors such as chronic inflammatory response, intestinal microorganisms, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis. After carcinogenesis and the eventual formation of CRC, the growth of cancer cells and tissues first requires breaching the defense of the immune system in the colorectal niche. Immune cells in the immune system play a crucial role in the tumor niche during the occurrence and development of CRC. ConclusionsThe proposal of the tumor niche concept enables researchers, when studying the mechanisms of tumor occurrence and development, to no longer merely focus on the tumor and its microenvironment. Instead, the tumor as a part of the body’s ecosystem was studied. Components of the tumor niche, such as chronic inflammatory responses, intestinal microorganisms, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and immune system, have a significant impact on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis of most colorectal cells, as well as the occurrence and development of cancer cells. These factors influence the progression of CRC in various aspects.
ObjectiveTo detect expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), BRAF, and K-Ras genes in colorectal carcinoma tissues and explore pathogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. MethodThe expressions of EGFR, BRAF, and K-Ras genes were detected in these 136 colorectal carcinoma tissues and their corresponding adjacent normal colorectal tissues by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe expressions of EGFR and BRAF in the colorectal carcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in their corresponding adjacent normal colorectal tissues (P<0.05), but the expression of K-Ras had no significant difference between these two tissues (P>0.05). The expression of EGFR gene was related to the TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, or degree of differentiation. The expression of BRAF gene was related to the TNM stage. The expression of K-Ras gene wasn,t related to the TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, or degree of differentiation. The correlation analysis results showed that there was no relation among the EGFR, K-Ras, or BRAF expression. ConclusionsUp-regulated of EGFR and BRAF gene expressions might be related to development of colorectal carcinoma, and role of K-Ras is unclear. Anti EGFR and BRAF target therapy might be benefited for patients with colorectal carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of colorectal cancer surgery in the current version of Database from Colorectal Cancer (DACCA).MethodsThe DACCA version selected for this data analysis was the updated version on April 16th, 2020. The data items included timing of operation, types of operative procedure, radical resection level of operation, patient’s wish of anus-reserving, types of stomy, date of stoma closure, surgical approaches, extended resection, and type of intersphincteric resection (ISR). The data item interval of stoma closure was added, and the selected data items were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe total number of medical records (data rows) that met the criteria was 11 757, including 2 729 valid data on the timing of operation (23.2%), 11 389 valid data on the types of operative procedure (96.9%), 4 255 valid data on the radical resection level of operation (36.2%), 3 803 valid data on patient’s wish of anus-reserving (32.3%), 4 377 valid data on types of stomy (37.2%), 989 valid data on date of stoma closure (8.4%), 4 418 valid data on surgical approaches (37.6%), 3 941 valid data on extended resection (33.5%), and 1 156 valid data on type of ISR (9.8%). In the timing of operation, the most cases were performed immediately after discovery or neoadjuvant completion (915, 33.5%). In types of operative procedure, ultra low anterior resection (ULAR), right hemicolectomy (RHC), and low anterior resection (LAR) were the most, including 1 986 (17.4%), 1 412 (12.4%), and 1 041 (9.1%) lines. Respectively in the colon and rectal cancer surgery, the proportion of RHC (50.0%) and ULAR (26.0%) was the highest, with 172 (26.1%) and 815 (27.9%) extended resection. In ISR surgery the majority was ISR-2 (741, 64.1%). In radical resection level of operation, the number of R0 was the largest with 2 575 (60.5%) lines. In patient’s wish of anus-reserving, positive and rational were the most with 1 811 (47.6%) and 1 440 (37.9%) lines, respectively. And in types of stomy, there were 2 628 lines (60.0%) without stoma and 1 749 cases (40.0%) with stoma, among which the most lines were right lower ileum stoma (612, 35.0%). The minimum value, maximum value, and median value of interval of stoma closure were 0 d, 2 678 d and 112 d. The linear regression prediction of date of stoma closure by year was \begin{document}${\hat {y}} $\end{document}=9.234 3x+22.394 (R2=0.2928, P=0.07). In the surgical approaches, the majority was standard with 3 182 (72.0%) lines.ConclusionsIn the DACCA, rectal cancer surgery is still the majority, and ULAR is the most type. The application of extended resection in both colon and rectal cancer has important significance. The data related to stoma are diversified and need to be further studied.
ObjectiveTo study the expression of Lumican in colorectal cancer tissues and investigate its role in the carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. MethodsLumican expression in 114 colorectal cancer and 43 normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemical SP method. ResultsLumican expression was negative in 43 normal colorectal tissues，while 79.82%（91/114） positive in cancer tissues, the difference of which was significant (Plt;0.05). The intensity of Lumican expression correlated conversely to the grade of differentiation for the colorectal cancer (Plt;0.05). So Lumican expression was statistically higher in Dukes A+B group than that in C+D group (Plt;0.05). There was no difference of Lumican expression in age and gender (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionsLumican didn’t express in normal colorectal tissues while expressed in cancer tissues, which suggests that Lumican may play a role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. The expression of Lumican is correlated with tumor differentiation grade and Dukes staging, which could be considered as an valuable index to biological features of colorectal cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo generally analyze the current situations and advancement of the study on immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. MethodsThe pertinent published papers about the current situation and research advancement of the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer were retrospectively investigated. And also the immunogenicity and the varying principles of immunoresistance, the functional targets, the practicality, and some other characteristics of different immunotherapy for colorectal cancer were reviewed. ResultsThe main treatments and the research focuses in the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer are initiative nonspecific immunotherapy, adoptive immunotherapy, monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, initiative specific immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. They work by fighting against the cancer itself, cutting off the tumor’s nutrition supply, activating the immune system specifically or breaking the immune tolerance and so on. Though there are still many problems unsolved, immunotherapy has a promising clinical prospect. ConclusionAs a beneficial complement for surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy， immunotherapy plays an important auxiliary role in the combined therapy for colorectal cancer.