ObjectiveTo set reference intervals of the levels of thyroid hormones among normal pregnant women without presence of thyroid antibodies during three trimesters of pregnancy in Quanzhou city, Fujian province. MethodsA total of 490 pregnant women during 4-39 week pregnancy without presence of thyroid antibodies were enrolled in Quanzhou city, Fujian province. Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) were detected through the electrochemistry immunoassay (ECL) method. In addition, a total of 51 healthy women without pregnancy were enrolled to set the reference intervals of levels of thyroid hormones among normal pregnant women without presence of thyroid antibodies. ResultsThe median levels of TPO-Ab were in the reference intervals provided by the pharmaceutical factory. Levels of FT3 and FT4 gradually decreased from the first to the third trimester (P < 0.01), levels of serum TSH gradually increasd from the first to the third trimester (P < 0.01). Compared with those of pregnant women, levels of thyroid hormone in normal non-pregnant women were higher in the first trimester, lower in the second and the third trimesters (P < 0.01). During three trimesters, the reference intervals of FT3 in the three trimesters were (first: 3.75 to 7.23; second 3.31 to 4.9; and third: 3.16 to 4.48 pmol/L); the reference intervals of FT4 were (first: 12.85 to 25.3; second: 12.03 to 20.14; and third: 11.02 to 19.43 pmol/L); and the reference intervals of TSH were (first: 0.01 to 3.79; second: 1.09 to 4.19; and third: 1.08 to 5.95 mIU/L), respectively. ConclusionThrough this detection, we set the levels of thyroid hormones among normal pregnant women without presence of thyroid antibodies during three trimesters of pregnancy in Quanzhou city.
Objective To study the significances and expressions of Y14 and Upf1 in human breast cancer tissues and human normal breast tissues. Methods The expressions of Y14 and Upf1 were determined in human breast cancer tissues and human normal breast tissues by immunohistochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscope. Results ①Y14 and Upf1 levels of human breast cancer tissues were obviously higher than those of human normal breast tissues (Plt;0.05). ②Y14 and Upf1 levels of the class Ⅲ were obviously higher than those of the class Ⅰ and Ⅱ in breast cancer tissues (Plt;0.05). ③Y14 and Upf1 levels in breast cancer tissues of patients with positive axillary lymph nodes were obviously higher than those with negative axillary lymph nodes (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The function of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is obviously enhanced in breast cancer tissues. Expressions of Y14 and Upf1 levels of the class Ⅲ cancer tissue and cancer with positive axillary lymph node are high because of NMD.
Objective To evaluate the flushing effects of normal saline (NS) and heparin saline (HPS) after central venous catheterization. Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 12, 2015), CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the flushing effects of NS versus HPS after central venous catheterization from inception to December 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 12 RCTs involving 2 092 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that no significant differences were found between the two groups in occlusion rate (OR=1.58, 95%CI 0.79 to 3.14,P=0.19) and the catheter days (OR=–7.24, 95%CI –22.90 to 8.41,P=0.36), while the HPS group had more advantage than the NS group in decreasing the incidence of phlebitis (OR=2.57, 95%CI 1.52 to 4.34,P=0.000 4). Subgroup analysis revealed that HPS provided more superiority over NS in lessening the occlusion rate (OR=1.85, 95%CI 1.22 to 2.80,P=0.004), no significant difference was found when comparing NS to 10 units, and 100 units HPS (10 units: OR=1.51, 95%CI 0.94 to 2.43,P=0.09; 100 units: OR=1.51, 95%CI 0.63 to 3.60,P=0.09). Conclusion HPS appears to be more beneficial than NS, larger rigorously studies are needed for better understanding on the effects of NS and HPS.
Objective Dermal papillae cells are widely applied to reconstruction of tissue engineered hair foll icle and skin. To investigate the difference of the biological characteristics of dermal papillae cells cultured with keratinocyte medium (KM)and normal medium (NM), and to determin whether it is feasible for the reconstruction of tissue engineered hair foll icle using dermal papillae cells cultured in KM. Methods Scalp samples were obtained in rhytidectomy procedure. Dermal papillaes were isolated by two steps digestive treatment, then cultured with KM and NM in two groups. The time of dermal papillae adherence and cell outgrowth was recorded and the rate of dermal papillae adherence was determined after 5 days. As well as, the difference of cell morphology was observed through inverted phase contrast microscope. The maximum generations were determined in two groups and the cell sheets were observed by HE staining. In third-generation cells, the number of aggregates in every dish and the prol iferation by MTT were compared between two groups. Meanwhile, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and ALP were detected by immunofluorescence and specific staining in two groups. Results Dermal papillaes of KM group had a higher rate of adherence and fast outgrowth. The rates of adherence were 54.17% and 36.78% in KM group and in NM group, respectively. In KM group, cells adhered after 24 hours and outgrew after 64 hours. While, cells adhered after 48 hours and outgrew after 80 hours in NM group. The cells were bigger in NM group than in KM group. In third-generation cells, 3.06 ± 1.12 and 9.25 ± 1.73 aggregates formed in NM group and KM group, respectively, the difference was significant (P lt; 0.05). In addition, cells could form cell sheets which were muti-layers in KM group. Mostly 7 and 15 generations could been subcultured in NMgroup and KM group, respectively. The result of MTT indicated that cells prol iferated more actively in KM group; absorbance value of KM group was significantly higher than that of NM group after 7 days (P lt; 0.05). The positive of α-SMA were detected in the third-generation cells of both groups. Ocassionally a l ittle few cells expressed ALP with (987 ± 146) m2 positive area in the sixth-generation cells of NM group. However, the cells still expressed ALP with (8 757 ± 558) μm2 positive area in the fourteenthgeneration cells of KM group and the difference was significant (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Cells proliferate actively and aggregate obviously and could been subcultured more generations in KM. Therefore, culturing dermal papillae cells with KM is feasible for the reconstruction of tissue engineered hair foll icle.
Objective To seek for a method of constructing the tissue microarray which contains keloid, skin around keloid, and normal skin. Methods The specimens were gained from patients of voluntary donation between March and May2009, including the tissues of keloid (27 cases), skin around keloid (13 cases), and normal skin (27 cases). The specimens were imbedded by paraffin as donor blocks. The traditional method of constructing the tissue microarray and section were modified according to the histological characteristics of the keloid and skin tissue and the experimental requirement. The tissue cores were drilled from donor blocks and attached securely on the adhesive platform which was prepared. The adhesive platform with tissue cores in situ was placed into an imbedding mold, which then was preheated briefly. Paraffin at approximately 70℃ was injected to fill the mold and then cooled to room temperature. Then HE staining, immunohistochemistry staining were performed and the results were observed by microscope. Results The constructed tissue microarray block contained 67 cores as designed and displayed smooth surface with no crack. All the cores distributed regularly, had no disintegration or manifest shift. HE staining of tissue microarray section showed that all cores had equal thickness, distinct layer, manifest contradistinction, well-defined edge, and consistent with original pathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry staining results demonstrated that all cores contained enough tissue dose to apply group comparison. However, in tissue microarray which was made as traditional method, many cores missed and a few cores shifted obviously. Conclusion Applying modified method can successfully construct tissue microarray which is composed of keloid, skin around keloid, and normal skin. This tissue microarray will become an effective tool of researching the pathogenesis of keloid.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo measure the expressions of Fas/FasL mRNA in normal liver, adjacent non-cancerous liver parenchyma and hepatocarcinoma, and to explore the relationship between the expressions of Fas/FasL mRNA in those tissues and the hepatocellular carcinogenesis. MethodsSemi-quantity reverse transcript-ploymerase chain reaction(QRTPCR) were performed to measure the relative quantity of the Fas and FasL mRNA expressions in normal liver (n=25), adjacent noncancerous liver parenchyma(n=40) and hepatocarcinoma(n=40). ResultsThe relative quantity of Fas and FasL mRNA expressed in normal liver, adjacent non-cancerous liver parenchyma and hepatocarcinoma were 0.792±0.039 vs 0.245±0.043，0.857±0.031 vs 0.429±0.035 and 0.473±0.047 vs 0.185±0.041, respectively. The relative quantity of Fas mRNA expression in hepatocarcinoma was lower than that of normal liver tissue and adjacent non-cancerous liver parenchyrna (P＜0.05). The relative quantity of FasL mRNA expression in hepatocarcinoma was also lower than that of normal liver tissue (P＜0.05) and adjacent non-cancerous liver parenchyma (P＜0.01), but its expression in adjacent non-cancerous liver parenchyma was higher than that of normal liver tissue (P＜0.05).ConclusionHepatorcarcinoma may escape the immune surveillance of the host, not only by means of reducing Fas expression, but also through adjacent non-cancerous liver parenchyma’s increasing expression of FasL to induce apoptosis of contact lymphocyte which highly expresses Fas.
Objective To analyze the symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) between both eyes in normal subjects. Methods The monocular mfVEP of both eyes in thirty-six normal subjects (72 eyes) was tested with VERIS Science 4.0. The stimulus was the pattern reversal dart array consisted of 60 sectors each included 16 black-white reverse patterns. The visual stimulation was controlled by the binary pseudo-random m-sequences and subtended approximately 25 degrees. Results There existed no statistically significant difference of P1 latencies and amplitudes between correspondent quadrant visual field of both eyes. The data difference of the ipsilateral quadrant visual fields was greater than those of the correspondent quadrant visual field. The comparison among four quadrant visual fields in right eye or left eye each showed that there was statistically significant difference of P1 latencies between the superionasal quadrant visual field and inferiotemporal or inferionasal quadrant visual fields. Conclusions The symmetry of normal mfVEP is more dominant in retina than that in visual cortex. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 42-44)
To promote dual referral normalized management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University experimented in eight community health service centers under Wuhou District Health Bureau, depending on its advantages of regional medical coordination resources and the present advanced information technology. The experiment covered making appointments for referral, examination, consultation for intractable diseases and so on. The purpose was to explore appropriate mode and normalized management of dual referral between large comprehensive hospital and community health service centers, and promote normalization and systemization for dual referral.
The American Thoracic Society Committee Task Force on Standards for Pulmonary Function had recommended a standardized reporting format for pulmonary function tests due to considerable variability in pulmonary function reports presented to end users, which might lead to potential confusion and miscommunication. This recommendation includes seven parts: overview, introduction, methods, report format, selecting and reporting reference values, grading the quality of pulmonary function tests and conclusions. This document presents a reporting format in test-specific units for spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity that can be assembled into a report appropriate for a laboratory’s practice. Recommended reference sources are updated, with especially emphasizing to adapt lower limit of normal (LLN) or z score instead of percent of prediction to estimate the abnormal results. This document provides detail and clear explanation on the recommendations, which might improve the interpretation, communication, and understanding of test results. However, parts of recommendation might not be used directly in our clinical practice owing to some specific conditions in China. We suggest to use appropriate normal predictions from Chinese population, to include small airway parameters such as mid-maximal expiratory flow for early detection of pulmonary function deterioration, and to include inspiratory flow volume curve, as well as strengthen the quality control data and figures in the report format.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of problem-intervention-outcome (P-I-O) teaching method on the normalization training of new nurses. MethodsA total of 101 new nurses from 2011 to 2013 were included in this research. Forty-two new nurses who were invited from August 2011 to July 2012 were distributed into group A, and 59 new nurses who were invited from August 2012 to July 2013 were distributed into group B. Both groups accepted normalization training. Group B accepted P-I-O teaching at the same time. We assessed the differences in operating, theory, attendance, the rates of harmful events and the degree of satisfaction between the two groups. ResultsTheory and operating between the two groups had significant differences (t=3.44, 2.86; P<0.05). Attendance, rates of harmful events and the degree of satisfaction all had significant differences between the two groups (t=2.94, χ2=8.45, Z=-2.05; P<0.05). ConclusionThe application of P-I-O teaching method in the normalization training of new nurses can stimulate their study interest and enthusiasm, transit their role faster, as well as reduce the rates of clinical harmful events and elevate the quality of care. Thus, it is worthy of being popularized in clinical nursing care.