Objective To review the methods of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation.Methods The strategies of overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation were analyzed and summaried on the basis of an extensive review of the latest l iterature concerned. Results The research development of immunological rejection mechanism and molecular biological technique provided new approaches for overcoming immunological rejection in xenotransplantation. Conclusion It is only a matter of time for xenotransplantation to be appl ied cl inically.
【Abstract】 Objective To review the research progress of possible mechanism of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase(IDO) in immunological regulation and function of transplantation immunity. Methods The advances in the IDO location, immunological regulatory mechanism and function of transplantation immunity were introduced based on the recent related l iterature. Results IDO played an immunoregulatory role by locally depleting tryptophan in tissue microenvironment which resulted in immunosuppression of allogeneic T-cell prol iferation. IDO cDNA was del ivered to chromosome in interesting cells by gene transfection and stimulated to express, which was associated with a prolongation in allograft survival in vivo . Conc lu sion IDO offers a new way in transplantation immunity, and this provid novel method for elevating allograft survival rate.
OBJECTIVE L-arginine is a semiessential dibasic amino acid for humans and animals. This paper aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of L-arginine supplementation on partial-thickness burned patients. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the cellular immune function (T cell count, ratio of CD4/CD8, natural killer cell activity and IL-2 level) and protein metabolism (transferrin, prealbium and nitrogen balance) of patients in the experimental group which daily given 15 g arginine and the control group which daily given 25 g glycine. RESULTS The natural killer cell activity and IL-2 production in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group. The suppression of transferrin and prealbium was alleviated and the nitrogen balance was improved in the experimental group. CONCLUSION It suggests that exogenous arginine supplementation is beneficial for recovery of cellular immunity function and protein anabolism in partial-thickness burned patients.
SerumIgG,IgA,IgM,C3andC4weredeterminedbyneophelmetricimmunoassay,serumandbiliaryIL2,sIL2Rlevelsweremeasuredbyatwoantibodysandwichenzymelinkedimmunosorbentassayinpatientswithsimplegallbladdercarcinoma,withbothgallbladdercarcinomaandgallstone,withsimplegallstoneandhealthyindividuals.Theresultsshowedthat:①Comparedwithcontrols,thegallbladdercarcinomapatientshadobviouslyloweredserumandbiliarylevelsofIL2andCD+4cell;andtheypresentedamarkedincreasedserum,biliarylevelsofsIL2RandCD+8cell.②TherewascorrelationbetweenthelevelsofsIL2RandCD+8,IL2andCD+4inthepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomaandtheirclinicstage.③Comparedwiththepatientswithgallbladdercarcinoma,gallstonepatientspresentedamarkeddecreasedserumandbiliarylevelofsIl2RandCD+8cell,andamarkedincreasedserumandbiliarylevelofIL2andCD+4cell.Theresultssuggestthat:①Thepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomahaveimmunedepression;②Inthepatientswithgallbladdercarcinomaandgallstone,gallstoneasainjuryfactorbrokethebalancebetweenCD+4andCD+8,thebalancebetweenIL2anditsreceptor;③TcellsubpopulationandsIL2R,IL2levelsmaybeusedasmarkerstopredictthechangesinpatientswithgallbladdercarcinoma.
Objective To study the regulative effect of angelica sinensis on cellular immune function in perioperative patients with obstructive jaundice. Methods Fourteen patients with obstructive jaundice were injected with angelica before and after operation for 14 days. The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in lymphocytes in peripheral blood were measured, respectively. Results The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R decreased significantly in patients with obstructive jaundice (P＜0.01). The activity of IL-2 and the expression of IL-2R in peripheral blood lymphocyte increased significantly before and after operations (after treatment using angelica) (P＜0.01), though there was a little decrease after operation but they were still higher than that befor using angelica.Conclusion It maybe useful to use angelica to improve the cellular immune function in patients with obstructive jaundice.
【Abstract】Objective To explore Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and distribution in rat pancreas.Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to detect expression of TLR4-mRNA and TLR4 protein respectively. Results RT-PCR of RNA isolated from rat pancreatic tissue yielded the predicted amplicon for the TLR4. IHC/immunofluorescence revealed TLR4 protein mainly distributed in the epithelium of the pancreatic duct, vascular endothelium of the exocrine section, endocrine islet also had some signs of distribution. No TLR4 protein signal could be detected in the acinar cells. Conclusion TLR4 could be detected in rat pancreas. Its distribution is consistent with its roles in immune surveillance, mainly in tissues exposed to the external environment such as pancreatic duct as well as in immunologically important settings such as pancreatic vascular endothelium. Islet also has some signs of distribution. No TLR4 expression in acinar cells, suggesting TLR4 immunological involvement in the pathophysiology of pancreas.
Objective To study the effect of splenectomy on the anti-tumor immunity in rats with induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods At the second and fourth month of the induced HCC, the NK cell activity, TNF-α level and total lymphcyte in blood were measured in the group of splenectomy and the control group. Results There were no different in the total lymphcyte and TNF-α in the blood in two groups, but there were significant difference in the NK cell activity between the group of splenectomy and the control group (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion There are some change in the anti-tumor immunity after splenectomy in rats, in which NK cell activity is at low level continuously. TNF-α isn′t affected after the second month after splenectomy.
Objective To investigate the relationship between blood CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells ( Treg cells) and cell immunity in patients with sepsis and its prognostic value.Methods 27 patients with sepsis admitted during August 2007 and August 2008 in ICU were enrolled, while 40 healthy volunteers served as control. According to the clinical outcome after 28 days’ treatment, the sepsis patients were assigned to a death group( n=8) and a survival group ( n =19) . Blood Treg% and CD4 /CD8 were detected by flow cytometry and total AgNOR area/nucleus area per cell ( IS%) was measured by silver nitrate staining and image processing. Results The Treg% in the patients with sepsis was significant higher than that in the normal control [ ( 5. 61 ±1. 60) % vs. ( 0. 78 ±0. 23) % , P lt; 0. 01 ] , while the level of CD4 /CD8 and IS% were significant lower[ CD4 /CD8: ( 1. 09 ±0. 30) vs. ( 1. 71 ±0. 36) , IS% : ( 5. 19 ±1. 07) % vs. ( 6. 76 ±0. 92) % , both P lt; 0. 01] . Significant correlations were found between Treg% and CD4 /CD8( r= - 0. 484, P lt;0. 01) , and between Treg% and IS% ( r = - 0. 588, P lt;0. 01) . Compared with the survival group, Treg% was significant higher [ ( 7. 09 ±1. 17) % vs. ( 5. 00 ±1. 33) % , P lt; 0. 01] , and CD4 /CD8 and IS% were significant lower[ CD4 /CD8: ( 0. 87 ±0. 22) vs. ( 1. 18 ±0. 29) , IS% : ( 3. 97 ±0. 42) % vs. ( 5. 71 ±0. 81) % , both P lt; 0. 01] in the death group. Conlusion Blood Treg% level can reflect the cell immune state of patients with sepsis and is of clinical value to assess the prognosis.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 on the function of lymphocyte immune by transferring mouse lymphocytes with plasmid of sense siRNA and by suppressing the expression of ADAR1. MethodsThe cell strains of human hepatic cellular carcinoma （HCC） were frozen and thawed repeatedly to prepare for tumor soluble antigen. The isolated mouse lymphocytes, which were transferred with antisense siRNA plasmid of ADAR1 and were sensitized with soluble tumor antigen were used as the study group; those which were not transferred but were sensitized were used as the control group. The 3HTdR adulteration experiment was used to test the sensitivity of lymphocytes. The effect of ADAR1 on lymphocyte immunity was detected by lymphocytotoxicity tests. ResultsThe observation of the isolated lymphocytes implied that the growth cycle of lymphocyte was 10-14 days. The 3HTdR adulteration experiment showed the result was optimal. The number of HCCs decreased significantly for both of the groups compared with those in the blank holes, but the amplitude was much larger in the control group. The expression of ADAR1 in lymphocytes of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group, which demonstrated that the RNA plasmid of ADAR1 suppressed the expression of ADAR1 in sensitized lymphocytes and the suppressing rate of the control group (87.47±4.62)% was significantly higher than that of study group （53.19±3.95）%. The function of lymphocytes killing targetcells in the study group was significantly inferior to that of control group (P＜0.05). ConclusionRNA editing enzyme ADAR1 may play an important role in mouse cellullar immunologic response and it is possible to attenuate the cellimmune response by depressing the expression of ADAR1.
Objective To investigate the relevance and changes of mucosal immunity in asthma rats’lung, nose and intestine. Methods Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group and an asthma group. Asthma rat model was established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin. CD4 + ,CD8 + , eotaxin protein and its mRNA in rats’lung tissues, rhinal and intestinal mucosa were measured by immunohistochemical methods and situ hybridization. The content of sIgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) , nasopharyngeal washings and intestinal mucus supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the normal group, the levels of CD4 + , CD8 + in rats’lung tissues, rhinal and intestinal mucosa, the expression of eotaxin protein and mRNA in rats’lung tissues, the content of sIgA in nasopharyngeal washing, and the expression of eotaxin protein in intestinal mucosa were significantly higher in the asthma group( P lt; 0. 05) . There were no significant differences of other indices between the two groups. In the normal group, the eotaxin protein expression had a negative correlationbetween lung tissue and rhinal mucosa( r = - 0. 572, P = 0. 008) , and a positive correlation between intestinal and rhinal mucosa( r=0. 638, P =0. 002) . The eotaxin mRNA expression had a positive correlation between lung tissue and rhinal mucosa( r= 0. 502, P = 0. 024) , and a positive correlation between intestinaland rhinal mucosa( r=0. 594, P =0. 006) . In the asthma group, such a correlation was not found except the eotaxin protein expression which had a negative correlation between lung tissue and intestinal mucosa( r =- 0. 448, P = 0. 048) . Conclusions Mucosal immunity in lung, nose and intestine remains a dynamic balance. The balance of mucosal immunity is destroyed in asthma.